您现在的位置是: 首页 > 录取信息 录取信息
高考数学答案_高考数学答案规律
tamoadmin 2024-05-30 人已围观
简介1.求2012云南高考数学试卷及答案2.12陕西高考答案数学3.2006上海高考数学试题答案理科4.2011四川高考文科数学答案1--5 : B D C A B 6-10: B DC DA11、-612、 1813、 2714、—815、 x>=0详细答案和解析注明:部分字符和没有显示1.若,则复数=( )A. B. C. D.答案:B 解析:
1.求2012云南高考数学试卷及答案
2.12陕西高考答案数学
3.2006上海高考数学试题答案理科
4.2011四川高考文科数学答案
1--5 : B D C A B
6-10: B DC DA
11、-6
12、 18
13、 27
14、—8
15、 x>=0
详细答案和解析
注明:部分字符和没有显示
1.若,则复数=( )
A. B. C. D.
答案:B
解析:
2.若全集,则集合等于( )
A. B. C. D.
答案:D
解析:
,,,
若,则的定义域为( )
A. B. C. D.
答案:C
解析:
4.曲线在点A(0,1)处的切线斜率为( )
A.1 B.2 C. D.
答案:A
解析:
5.设{}为等差数列,公差d = -2,为其前n项和.若,则=( )
A.18 B.20 C.22 D.24
答案:B
解析:
6.观察下列各式:则,…,则的末两位数字为( )
A.01 B.43 C.07 D.49
答案:B
解析:
7.为了普及环保知识,增强环保意识,某大学随即抽取30名学生参加环保知识测试,得分(十分制)如图所示,假设得分值的中位数为,众数为,平均值为,则( )
A. B.
C. D.
答案:D
解析:计算可以得知,中位数为5.5,众数为5所以选D
8.为了解儿子身高与其父亲身高的关系,随机抽取5对父子的身高数据如下:
父亲身高x(cm) 174 176 176 176 178
儿子身高y(cm) 175 175 176 177 177
则y对x的线性回归方程为
A.y = x-1 B.y = x+1 C.y = 88+ D.y = 176
答案:C
解析:线性回归方程,,
9.将长方体截去一个四棱锥,得到的几何体如右图所示,则该几何体的左视图为( )
答案:D
解析:左视图即是从正左方看,找特殊位置的可视点,连起来就可以得到答案。
10.如图,一个“凸轮”放置于直角坐标系X轴上方,其“底端”落在原点O处,一顶点及
中心M在Y轴正半轴上,它的外围由以正三角形的顶点为圆心,以正三角形的边长为半径的三段等弧组成.
今使“凸轮”沿X轴正向滚动前进,在滚动过程中“凸轮”每时每刻都有一个“最高点”,其中心也在不断移动位置,则在“凸轮”滚动一周的过程中,将其“最高点”和“中心点”所形成的图形按上、下放置,应大致为( )
答案:A
解析:根据中心M的位置,可以知道中心并非是出于最低与最高中间的位置,而是稍微偏上,随着转动,M的位置会先变高,当C到底时,M最高,排除CD选项,而对于最高点,当M最高时,最高点的高度应该与旋转开始前相同,因此排除B ,选A。
二.填空题:本大题共5小题,每小题5分,共25分.
11.已知两个单位向量,的夹角为,若向量,,则=___.
答案:-6.
解析:要求*,只需将题目已知条件带入,得:
*=(-2)*(3+4)=
其中=1,==1*1*=,,
带入,原式=3*1—2*—8*1=—6
(PS: 这道题是道基础题,在我们做过的高考题中2007年广东文科的第四题,以及寒假题海班文科讲义73页的第十题,几乎是原题。考查的就是向量的基本运算。送分题(*^__^*) )
若双曲线的离心率e=2,则m=____.
答案:48.
解析:根据双曲线方程:知,
,并在双曲线中有:,
离心率e==2=,
m=48
(PS: 这道题虽然考的是解析几何,大家印象中的解几题感觉都很难,但此题是个非常轻松的得分题。你只需知道解几的一些基本定义,并且计算也不复杂。在2008年安徽文科的第14题以及2009福建文科的第4题都见过。所谓认真听课,勤做笔记,有的就是这个效果!)
13.下图是某算法的程序框图,则程序运行后输出的结果是____.
答案:27.
解析:由框图的顺序,s=0,n=1,s=(s+n)n=(0+1)*1=1,n=n+1=2,依次循环
S=(1+2)*2=6,n=3,注意此刻3>3仍然是否,所以还要循环一次
s=(6+3)*3=27,n=4,此刻输出,s=27.
(PS: 程序框图的题一直是大家的青睐,就是一个循环计算的过程。2010天津文科卷的第3题,考题与此类似)
已知角的顶点为坐标原点,始边为x轴的正半轴,若是角终边上一点,且,则y=_______.
答案:—8.
解析:根据正弦值为负数,判断角在第三、四象限,再加上横坐标为正,断定该角为第四象限角。=
(PS:大家可以看到,步骤越来越少,不就意味着题也越来越简单吗?并且此题在我们春季班教材3第10页的第5题,出现了一模一样。怎么能说高考题是难题偏题。)
15.对于,不等式的解集为_______
答案: . x>=0
解析:两种方法,
方法一:分三段,
当x<-10时, -x-10+x-2,
当 时, x+10-x+2,
当x>2时, x+10-x+2, x>2
x>=0
方法二:用绝对值的几何意义,可以看成到两点-10和2的距离差大于等于8的所有点的集合,画出数轴线,找到0到-10的距离为10,到2的距离为2,,并当x往右移动,距离差会大于8,所以满足条件的x的范围是. x>=0
(PS: 此题竟出现在填空的最后一道压轴题,不知道神马情况。。。。。更加肯定考试考的都是基础,并且!!在我们除夕班的时候讲过一道一摸一样,只是换了数字而已的题型,在除夕教材第10页的15题。。太强悍啦!!几乎每道都是咱上课讲过的题目~~所以,亲爱的童鞋们,现在的你上课还在聊Q, 睡觉流口水吗)
求2012云南高考数学试卷及答案
英语:
2006年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海英语试卷
本试卷分为第1卷(第1-12页)和第Ⅱ卷(第13页)两部分。全卷共13页。满分150分。考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷 (共105分)
考生注意:
1. 答第1卷前。考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码. 并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。
2. 第1卷(1-16小题. 25-84小题)由机器阅卷, 答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应, 不能错位。
答案需要更改时。必须将原选项用橡皮擦去, 重新选择。答案不能写在试卷上。写在试 卷上一律不给分。第1卷中的第17-24小题和第Ⅱ卷的试题, 其答案写在答题纸上, 如写在试卷上则无效。
I. Listening Comprehension
Part A Short Conversations
Directions: In Part A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it. Read the four possible answers on your paper. and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. On March 2. B. On March 3. C. On March 5. D. On March 8.
2. A. At a cinema. B. At an airport. C. At a railway station. D. At a stadium.
3. A. Old castles. B. Hunting games. C. A seaside holiday. D. An adventure.
4. A. By bus. B. By underground. C. On foot. D. By bicycle.
5. A. Go to the movies. B. See a doctor. C. Get some fruit. D. Stay at home
6. A. Car seller. B. Police officer. C. Detective. D. Reporter
7. A. Funny B. crazy. C. Amused. D. P1eased
8. A. They’d better not go riding. B. Riding a bike is a great idea.
C. It’s not good riding in the rain D. They can go riding half an hour later
9. A. There won’t be enough cups left. B. They’ve got plenty of cups.
C. They’re buying what they need. D. They’ve got enough food for the picnic.
10. A. He's unable to finish his homework. B. He can’t give the woman his computer.
C. He's to remove the virus. D. He's infected with some disease.
Part B Passages
Directions: In part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Some engineers. B. The landlord of the pub.
C. The former employees. D. Some customers of the company.
12.A.Threeyears ago. B. Five years ago. C. Last year. D. This year.
13. A. Why a company lost its customers. B. Why a company went out of business.
C. How a company went from bad to worse. D. How a company got out of its difficult situation
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.
14. A. Physics. B. chemistry. C. English Literature. D. Media Studies
15. A. More than 144,000. B. About 147,500.
C. 7.5% of all the test takers. D. 4.6%of all the test takers.
16. A. Few students avoid harder subjects. B. Each subject has the same level of difficulty.
C. Some subjects are more difficult than others. D. Pupils are important to t11e country’s development.
Part C Longer Conversations
Directions: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in me numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
B1anks l 7 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
Taxi Order Form
Name: John Smith
Time: 5:30 a.m., ___17___, June 8th
To: The ___18___
From: 99 Kent Street, near Carlington ___19_____
Phone Number: ____20____
Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.
Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
What does the woman complain about? ______21_______
What does the man suggest the woman do first? She should __22__ all the way to the right.
Why is the engineer sent up? He is __23__ for maintaining buildings.
When is it suitable for the engineer to come? ___24___ later.
Complete the from. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
25. —It’s atop secret. —Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _____ you and me
A. with B. around C. among D. between
26. Black holes ______ not be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task.
A. can B. should C. must D. need
27. Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _______ home.
A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write
28. A typhoon swept across tiffs area with heavy rains and winds_____ strong as 113 miles per hour.
A. too B. very C. so D. as
29. I made so many changes in my composition mat only I could read it. To ____ else, it was hard to make out.
A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone
30. A dozen ideas were considered _____ the chief architect decided on the design of the building.
A. because B. before C. whether D. unless
31. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use ____ with him.
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued
32. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents.
A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected
33. Energy drinks are not allowed _____ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making
34. Russ and Earl were auto mechanics _____ the same pay, but Earl had more ambition.
A. to earn B. to have earned C. earning D. earned
35. One advantage of playing the guitar is _____ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
A. how B. why C. that D. when
36. The mother felt herself ____ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.
A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown
37. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
38. My parents were quarrelling about me ____ I could not quite tell why.
A. since B. though C. if D. until
39. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ____ his teammates had done.
A. what B. which C. why D. while
40. _____ automatically the e-mail will be received by all the club members.
A. Mailed out B. Mailing out C. To be mailed out D. Having mailed out
41. You can see the stars on a clear night, but in the daytime they are _____.
A. unavoidable B. invisible C. inaccessible D. unavailable
42. When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main _____ was the fear of water.
A. evidence B. crisis C. obstacle D. danger
43. Try not to start every sentence with “the”. _____ the beginnings of your sentences.
A. Vary B. Decorate C. Form D. Describe
44. I hope I will not be called on in class as I’m not yet _______ prepared.
A. attentively B. readily C. actively D. adequately
III. Cloze
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Several years ago, well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even __45__ around. His doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival.
__46__ the diagnosis(诊断), Cousins was determined to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “Is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the __49__ to 1ive have positive treatment value?”
He decided to concentrate on positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would __50__ positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He __51__ time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out __52__ emotions. Within eight days of starting his ‘‘laugh therapy” program his pain began to __53__ and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few months’ time and __54__ reached complete recovery after a few years.
45. A. run B. pass C. move D. travel
46. A. Besides B. Despite C. Without D. Beyond
47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions
48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest
49. A. emotion B. pain C. fear D. will
50. A. bring about B. set about C. put up D. make up
51. A. afforded B. appointed C. offered D. arranged
52. A. positive B. approving C. strong D. mixed
53. A. escape B. decrease C. shrink D. end
54. A. generally B. especially C. actually D. presently
(B)
“When a customer enters my store, forget me. He is King, ’’said John Wanamaker, who in l876 turned an abandoned railway station in Philadelphia into one of me world’s first department stores. This revolutionary concept __55__ the face of retailing(零售业) and led to the development of advertising and marketing as we know it today.
But convincing as that slogan was, __56__ the shopper was cheated out of the crown. __57__ manufacturing efficiency increased the variety of goods and lowered prices, people still relied on advertisements to get most information about products. Through much of the past century, ads spoke to an audience restricted to just a few radio or television channels or a __58__number of publications. Now media choice, has __59__ too, and consumers select what they want from a far greater variety of sources—especially with a few clicks of a computer mouse. __60__ the internet, the consumer is finally seizing power.
As our survey shows, __61__ has great implications for companies, because it is changing the way the world shops. Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centred”. Now their __62__ will be tested as never before. Taking advantage of shoppers’ __63__ will no longer be possible: people will know—and soon tell others, even those without the internet—that prices in the next town are cheaper or that certain goods are inferior. The internet is working wonders in __64__ standards. Good and Good and honest firms should benefit most.
55. A. changed B. maintained C. restored D. rescued
56. A. in time B. in truth C. in case D. in theory
57. A. Just as B. The moment C. If D. Although
58. A. 1imited B. minimum C. sufficient D. great
59. A. disappeared B. existed C. exploded D. survived
60. A. According to B. Thanks to C. But for D. Apart from
61. A. consumer power B. product quality C. purchasing habit D.manufacturing efficiency
62. A. information B. investment C. claims D. shops
63. A. generosity B. knowledge C. curiosity D. ignorance
64. A. raising B. lowering C. abandoning D. carrying
IV. Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them mere are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one mat fits best according to me information given in me passage you have just read.
(A)
Cara Lang is 13. She lives in Boston, Massachusetts, in me U. S. Last Thursday, she didn't go to school. She went to work with her father instead. Every year, on the fourth Thursday in April, millions of young girls go work. This is Take Our Daughters to Work Day. The girls are between me ages of 9 and 15. They spend the day at work with an adult, usually a mother, father, aunt, or uncle. They go to offices, police stations, laboratories, and other places where their parents or other family members work. Next year, the day will include sons, too.
The Ms. Foundation, an organization for women, started the program about ten years ago. In the U.S., many women work outside the home. The Ms. Foundation wanted girls to find out about many different kinds of jobs. Then, when the girls grow up, they can choose a job they like.
Cara's father is a film director. Cara says, “It was very exciting for me to go to the studio with my dad. I saw a lot of people doing different jobs.” Many businesses have special activities for girls on this day. Last year, Cara went to work with her aunt at the University of Massachusetts. In the engineering department, the girls learned to build a bridge with toothpicks and Candy. In the chemistry department, they learned to use scales. They learned about many other kinds of jobs, too.
Right now, Cara does not know what job she will have when she grows up. But because of Take Our Daughters to Work Day, she knows she h2Ls many choices.
65. What is Cara's father?
A. An engineer. B. An official. C. A moviemaker. D. A professor.
66. According to the passage, Take our Daughters to work Day is ______.
A. on every Thursday in April B. a holiday for girls of all ages
C. a day for girls to know about jobs D. a day for girls to get a job easily
67. On this special day, Cara has done all the following EXCEPT that ____.
A. she learned to use scales B. she worked as an actress
C. she went to work with her aunt D. she used toothpicks and Candy to build a bridge
68. What is probably the best title for the passage?
A. Cara Lang, a Fortunate Girl B. Take Our Daughters to Work Day
C. Children's Day and Work Day D. Ms. Foundation, an Organization for Women
(B)
Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯) locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow Colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.
Gwent Police have abandoned colours such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell(牢房) and have used colour psychology to decorate them.
Ystrad Mynach station, which recently opened at a cost of£5 million, has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia(幽闭恐怖症). Designers have painted the frames yellow, which researchers say is a calming colour. Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the colour is likely to encourage truthfulness.
The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a “live scan” system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest. An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened.
Designers and psychologists have worked for years on colour. Blue is said to suggest trust, efficiency, duty, logic, coolness, thinking and calm. It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness. It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter, soft colours will calm the mind and aid concentration.
Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness. Get the colour wrong and it could cause fear, depression and anxiety, but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect.
Ingrid Collins, a psychologist who specializes in the effects of colour, said that colour was an “energy force”. She said: “Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication.”
Yellow, she said, affected the mind. Red, on the other hand, should never be considered because it could increase aggression. Mrs Collins praised the designers for using colours in the cells. Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate. In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy.
69. The expression “tip the balance” in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might ____.
A. let suspects keep their balance B. help suspects to confess their crimes
C. make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court D. enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours
70. Which of the following colours should NOT be used in cells according to me passage?
A. Pink. B. Yellow C. Blue. D. Red.
71. Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing?
A. Scanning equipment. B. Royal blue lines. C. Glass doors. D.Yellow frames.
72. The passage is mainly concerned with ______
A. the relationship between colours and psychology B. a comparison of different functions of colours
C. the use of colours in cells to affect criminals’ psychology
D. scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison
73. The word “talion” in introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of ______.
A. medicine B. trade C. avenging D. striving
74. The book entitled A History of Modern Indonesia has focus on _______.
A. 1andscapes and tourist attractions in Indonesia B. its fourth largest population in the world
C. its relatively unfamiliar and understudied economy D. its social and political aspects in modern times
75. What do these books have in common?
A. Their authors are introduced in detail. B. They all have a hard back and a paperback.
C. Each of them is commented by a professor. D. They are published by the same publishing house.
(D)
The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored—and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs—the cries of a woman as she was murdered(over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
(1) women are helped more than men;
(2) men help more than women;
(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor 0f University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
(1) “Shifting of responsibility”一the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people’ there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
(2) “'Fear of making a mistake'’一situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an accident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
(3) “Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention(介入), much depends on
12陕西高考答案数学
哥们,数学是文科还是理科啊,怎么不说明白啊!
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
文科数学
第Ⅰ卷
一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给同的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、已知集合A={x|x2-x-2<0},B={x|-1<x<1},则
(A)A?B(B)B?A(C)A=B(D)A∩B=?
(2)复数z=-3+i2+i的共轭复数是?
(A)2+i(B)2-i(C)-1+i(D)-1-i
3、在一组样本数据(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(xn,yn)(n≥2,x1,x2,…,xn不全相等)的散点图中,若所有样本点(xi,yi)(i=1,2,…,n)都在直线y=12x+1上,则这组样本数据的样本相关系数为?
(A)-1(B)0(C)12(D)1
(4)设F1、F2是椭圆E:x2a2+y2b2=1(a>b>0)的左、右焦点,P为直线x=3a2上一点,△F1PF2是底角为30°的等腰三角形,则E的离心率为()
(A)12(B)23(C)34(D)45
5、已知正三角形ABC的顶点A(1,1),B(1,3),顶点C在第一象限,若点(x,y)在△ABC内部,则z=-x+y的取值范围是
(A)(1-3,2)?(B)(0,2)?(C)(3-1,2)(D)(0,1+3)
(6)如果执行右边的程序框图,输入正整数N(N≥2)和实数a1,a2,…,aN,输出A,B,则
(A)A+B为a1,a2,…,aN的和
(B)A+B2为a1,a2,…,aN的算术平均数
(C)A和B分别是a1,a2,…,aN中最大的数和最小的数
(D)A和B分别是a1,a2,…,aN中最小的数和最大的数
(7)如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图,则此几何体的体积为
(A)6
(B)9?
(C)12
(D)18
(8)平面α截球O的球面所得圆的半径为1,球心O到平面α的距离为2,则此球的体积为?
(A)6π(B)43π(C)46π(D)63π
(9)已知ω>0,0<φ<π,直线x=π4和x=5π4是函数f(x)=sin(ωx+φ)图像的两条相邻的对称轴,则φ=
(A)π4(B)π3?(C)π2?(D)3π4
(10)等轴双曲线C的中心在原点,焦点在x轴上,C与抛物线y2=16x的准线交于A,B两点,|AB|=43,则C的实轴长为
(A)2?(B)22?(C)4(D)8
(11)当0<x≤12时,4x<logax,则a的取值范围是?
(A)(0,22)(B)(22,1)?(C)(1,2)(D)(2,2)
(12)数列{an}满足an+1+(-1)n?an?=2n-1,则{an}的前60项和为
(A)3690?(B)3660?(C)1845(D)1830
第Ⅱ卷
本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。第13题-第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答,第22-24题为选考题,考生根据要求作答。二.填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分。
(13)曲线y=x(3lnx+1)在点(1,1)处的切线方程为________
(14)等比数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,若S3+3S2=0,则公比q=_______
(15)已知向量a,b夹角为45°?,且|a|=1,|2a-b|=10,则|b|=
(16)设函数f(x)=(x+1)2+sinxx2+1的最大值为M,最小值为m,则M+m=____
三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤。
(17)(本小题满分12分)
已知a,b,c分别为△ABC三个内角A,B,C的对边,c?=?3asinC-ccosA
(1) 求A
(2) 若a=2,△ABC的面积为3,求b,c
18.(本小题满分12分)
某花店每天以每枝5元的价格从农场购进若干枝玫瑰花,然后以每枝10元的价格出售。如果当天卖不完,剩下的玫瑰花做垃圾处理。
(Ⅰ)若花店一天购进17枝玫瑰花,求当天的利润y(单位:元)关于当天需求量n(单位:枝,n∈N)的函数解析式。?
(Ⅱ)花店记录了100天玫瑰花的日需求量(单位:枝),整理得下表:
日需求量n 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
频数 10 20 16 16 15 13 10
(1)假设花店在这100天内每天购进17枝玫瑰花,求这100天的日利润(单位:元)的平均数;
(2)若花店一天购进17枝玫瑰花,以100天记录的各需求量的频率作为各需求量发生的概率,求当天的利润不少于75元的概率。
(19)(本小题满分12分)
如图,三棱柱ABC-A1B1C1中,侧棱垂直底面,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=12AA1,D是棱AA1的中点
(I)证明:平面BDC1⊥平面BDC
(Ⅱ)平面BDC1分此棱柱为两部分,求这两部分体积的比。
(20)(本小题满分12分)
设抛物线C:x2=2py(p>0)的焦点为F,准线为l,A为C上一点,已知以F为圆心,FA为半径的圆F交l于B,D两点。
(I)若∠BFD=90°,△ABD的面积为42,求p的值及圆F的方程;
(II)若A,B,F三点在同一直线m上,直线n与m平行,且n与C只有一个公共点,求坐标原点到m,n距离的比值。
(21)(本小题满分12分)
设函数f(x)=?ex-ax-2
(Ⅰ)求f(x)的单调区间
(Ⅱ)若a=1,k为整数,且当x>0时,(x-k)?f?(x)+x+1>0,求k的最大值
请考生在第22,23,24题中任选一题做答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分,做答时请写清楚题号。
(22)(本小题满分10分)选修4-1:几何证明选讲
如图,D,E分别为△ABC边AB,AC的中点,直线DE交△ABC的外接圆于F,G两点,若CF//AB,证明:?
(Ⅰ)CD=BC;
(Ⅱ)△BCD∽△GBD
(23)(本小题满分10分)选修4—4;坐标系与参数方程
已知曲线C1的参数方程是x=2cosφy=3sinφ(φ为参数),以坐标原点为极点,x轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线C2的极坐标方程是ρ=2.正方形ABCD的顶点都在C2上,且A、B、C、D以逆时针次序排列,点A的极坐标为(2,π3)
(Ⅰ)求点A、B、C、D?的直角坐标;
(Ⅱ)设P为C1上任意一点,求|PA|?2+?|PB|2?+?|PC|?2+?|PD|2的取值范围。
(24)(本小题满分10分)选修4—5:不等式选讲
已知函数f(x)?=?|x?+?a|?+?|x-2|.
(Ⅰ)当a?=-3时,求不等式f(x)≥3的解集;
(Ⅱ)若f(x)≤|x-4|的解集包含[1,2],求a的取值范围。
2006上海高考数学试题答案理科
希望能帮到你,
绝密*启用前2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学
注息事项:
1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡相应位置上。
2.问答第Ⅰ卷时。选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动.用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。写在本试卷上无效.
3.回答第Ⅱ卷时。将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效·
4.考试结束后.将本试卷和答且卡一并交回。
第一卷
一. 选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给同的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
(1)已知集合 ;,则 中所含元素
的个数为( )
解析选
, , , 共10个
(2)将 名教师, 名学生分成 个小组,分别安排到甲、乙两地参加社会实践活动,
每个小组由 名教师和 名学生组成,不同的安排方案共有( )
种 种 种 种
解析选
甲地由 名教师和 名学生: 种
(3)下面是关于复数 的四个命题:其中的真命题为( )
的共轭复数为 的虚部为
解析选
, , 的共轭复数为 , 的虚部为
(4)设 是椭圆 的左、右焦点, 为直线 上一点,
是底角为 的等腰三角形,则 的离心率为( )
解析选
是底角为 的等腰三角形
(5)已知 为等比数列, , ,则 ( )
解析选
, 或
(6)如果执行右边的程序框图,输入正整数 和
实数 ,输出 ,则( )
为 的和
为 的算术平均数
和 分别是 中最大的数和最小的数
和 分别是 中最小的数和最大的数
解析选
(7)如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为 ,粗线画出的
是某几何体的三视图,则此几何体的体积为( )
解析选
该几何体是三棱锥,底面是俯视图,高为
此几何体的体积为
(8)等轴双曲线 的中心在原点,焦点在 轴上, 与抛物线 的准线交于
两点, ;则 的实轴长为( )
解析选
设 交 的准线 于
得:
(9)已知 ,函数 在 上单调递减。则 的取值范围是( )
解析选
不合题意 排除
合题意 排除
另: ,
得:
(10)已知函数 ;则 的图像大致为( )
解析选
得: 或 均有 排除
(11)已知三棱锥 的所有顶点都在球 的求面上, 是边长为 的正三角形,
为球 的直径,且 ;则此棱锥的体积为( )
解析选
的外接圆的半径 ,点 到面 的距离
为球 的直径 点 到面 的距离为
此棱锥的体积为
另: 排除
(12)设点 在曲线 上,点 在曲线 上,则 最小值为( )
解析选
函数 与函数 互为反函数,图象关于 对称
函数 上的点 到直线 的距离为
设函数
由图象关于 对称得: 最小值为
第Ⅱ卷
本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。第13题~第21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答,第22-第24题为选考题,考生根据要求做答。
二.填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分。
(13)已知向量 夹角为 ,且 ;则
解析
(14) 设 满足约束条件: ;则 的取值范围为
解析 的取值范围为
约束条件对应四边形 边际及内的区域:
则
(15)某个部件由三个元件按下图方式连接而成,元件1或元件2正常工作,且元件3
正常工作,则部件正常工作,设三个电子元件的使用寿命(单位:小时)均服从
正态分布 ,且各个元件能否正常相互独立,那么该部件的使用寿命
超过1000小时的概率为
解析使用寿命超过1000小时的概率为
三个电子元件的使用寿命均服从正态分布
得:三个电子元件的使用寿命超过1000小时的概率为
超过1000小时时元件1或元件2正常工作的概率
那么该部件的使用寿命超过1000小时的概率为
(16)数列 满足 ,则 的前 项和为
解析 的前 项和为
可证明:
三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤。
(17)(本小题满分12分)
已知 分别为 三个内角 的对边,
(1)求 (2)若 , 的面积为 ;求 。
解析(1)由正弦定理得:
(2)
解得: (l fx lby)
18.(本小题满分12分)
某花店每天以每枝 元的价格从农场购进若干枝玫瑰花,然后以每枝 元的价格出售,
如果当天卖不完,剩下的玫瑰花作垃圾处理。
(1)若花店一天购进 枝玫瑰花,求当天的利润 (单位:元)关于当天需求量
(单位:枝, )的函数解析式。
(2)花店记录了100天玫瑰花的日需求量(单位:枝),整理得下表:
以100天记录的各需求量的频率作为各需求量发生的概率。
(i)若花店一天购进 枝玫瑰花, 表示当天的利润(单位:元),求 的分布列,
数学期望及方差;
(ii)若花店计划一天购进16枝或17枝玫瑰花,你认为应购进16枝还是17枝?
请说明理由。
解析(1)当 时,
当 时,
得:
(2)(i) 可取 , ,
的分布列为
(ii)购进17枝时,当天的利润为
得:应购进17枝
(19)(本小题满分12分)
如图,直三棱柱 中, ,
是棱 的中点,
(1)证明:
(2)求二面角 的大小。
解析(1)在 中,
得:
同理:
得: 面
(2) 面
取 的中点 ,过点 作 于点 ,连接
,面 面 面
得:点 与点 重合
且 是二面角 的平面角
设 ,则 ,
既二面角 的大小为
(20)(本小题满分12分)
设抛物线 的焦点为 ,准线为 , ,已知以 为圆心,
为半径的圆 交 于 两点;
(1)若 , 的面积为 ;求 的值及圆 的方程;
(2)若 三点在同一直线 上,直线 与 平行,且 与 只有一个公共点,
求坐标原点到 距离的比值。
解析(1)由对称性知: 是等腰直角 ,斜边
点 到准线 的距离
圆 的方程为
(2)由对称性设 ,则
点 关于点 对称得:
得: ,直线
切点
直线
坐标原点到 距离的比值为 。(lfx lby)
(21)(本小题满分12分)
已知函数 满足满足 ;
(1)求 的解析式及单调区间;
(2)若 ,求 的最大值。
解析(1)
令 得:
得:
在 上单调递增
得: 的解析式为
且单调递增区间为 ,单调递减区间为
(2) 得
①当 时, 在 上单调递增
时, 与 矛盾
②当 时,
得:当 时,
令 ;则
当 时,
当 时, 的最大值为
请考生在第22,23,24题中任选一题做答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分,
做答时请写清题号。
(22)(本小题满分10分)选修4-1:几何证明选讲
如图, 分别为 边 的中点,直线 交
的外接圆于 两点,若 ,证明:
(1) ;
(2)
解析(1) ,
(2)
(23)本小题满分10分)选修4—4;坐标系与参数方程
已知曲线 的参数方程是 ,以坐标原点为极点, 轴的正半轴
为极轴建立坐标系,曲线 的坐标系方程是 ,正方形 的顶点都在 上,
且 依逆时针次序排列,点 的极坐标为
(1)求点 的直角坐标;
(2)设 为 上任意一点,求 的取值范围。
解析(1)点 的极坐标为
点 的直角坐标为
(2)设 ;则
(lfxlby)
(24)(本小题满分10分)选修 :不等式选讲
已知函数
(1)当 时,求不等式 的解集;
(2)若 的解集包含 ,求 的取值范围。
解析(1)当 时,
或 或
或
(2)原命题 在 上恒成立
在 上恒成立
在 上恒成立
2012年高考文科数学试题解析(全国课标)
一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给同的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
(1)已知集合A={x|x2-x-2<0},B={x|-1<x<1},则
(A)AB (B)BA (C)A=B (D)A∩B=?
命题意图本题主要考查一元二次不等式解法与集合间关系,是简单题.
解析A=(-1,2),故BA,故选B.
(2)复数z= 的共轭复数是
(A) (B) (C) (D)
命题意图本题主要考查复数的除法运算与共轭复数的概念,是简单题.
解析∵ = = ,∴ 的共轭复数为 ,故选D.
(3)在一组样本数据(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(xn,yn)(n≥2,x1,x2,…,xn不全相等)的散点图中,若所有样本点(xi,yi)(i=1,2,…,n)都在直线 y=x+1上,则这组样本数据的样本相关系数为
(A)-1 (B)0 (C) (D)1
命题意图本题主要考查样本的相关系数,是简单题.
解析有题设知,这组样本数据完全正相关,故其相关系数为1,故选D.
(4)设 , 是椭圆 : =1( > >0)的左、右焦点, 为直线 上一点,△ 是底角为 的等腰三角形,则 的离心率为
. . . .
命题意图本题主要考查椭圆的性质及数形结合思想,是简单题.
解析∵△ 是底角为 的等腰三角形,
∴ , ,∴ = ,∴ ,∴ = ,故选C.
(5)已知正三角形ABC的顶点A(1,1),B(1,3),顶点C在第一象限,若点(x,y)在△ABC内部,则 的取值范围是
(A)(1-,2) (B)(0,2)
(C)(-1,2) (D)(0,1+)
命题意图本题主要考查简单线性规划解法,是简单题.
解析有题设知C(1+ ,2),作出直线 : ,平移直线 ,有图像知,直线 过B点时, =2,过C时, = ,∴ 取值范围为(1-,2),故选A.
(6)如果执行右边的程序框图,输入正整数 ( ≥2)和实数 , ,…, ,输出 , ,则
. + 为 , ,…, 的和
. 为 , ,…, 的算术平均数
. 和 分别为 , ,…, 中的最大数和最小数
. 和 分别为 , ,…, 中的最小数和最大数
命题意图本题主要考查框图表示算法的意义,是简单题.
解析由框图知其表示的算法是找N个数中的最大值和最小值, 和 分别为 , ,…, 中的最大数和最小数,故选C.
21世纪教育网(7)如图,网格上小正方形的边长为1,粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图,则几何体的体积为
.6 .9 .12 .18
命题意图本题主要考查简单几何体的三视图及体积计算,是简单题.
解析由三视图知,其对应几何体为三棱锥,其底面为一边长为6,这边上高为3,棱锥的高为3,故其体积为 =9,故选B.
(8)平面α截球O的球面所得圆的半径为1,球心O到平面α的距离为,则此球的体积为
(A)π (B)4π (C)4π (D)6π
命题意图
解析
(9)已知 >0, ,直线 = 和 = 是函数 图像的两条相邻的对称轴,则 =
(A) (B) (C) (D)
命题意图本题主要考查三角函数的图像与性质,是中档题.
解析由题设知, = ,∴ =1,∴ = ( ),
∴ = ( ),∵ ,∴ = ,故选A.
(10)等轴双曲线 的中心在原点,焦点在 轴上, 与抛物线 的准线交于 、 两点, = ,则 的实轴长为
. . .4 .8
命题意图本题主要考查抛物线的准线、直线与双曲线的位置关系,是简单题.
解析由题设知抛物线的准线为: ,设等轴双曲线方程为: ,将 代入等轴双曲线方程解得 = ,∵ = ,∴ = ,解得 =2,
∴ 的实轴长为4,故选C.
(11)当0< ≤时, ,则a的 取值范围是
(A)(0,) (B)(,1) (C)(1,) (D)(,2)
命题意图本题主要考查指数函数与对数函数的图像与性质及数形结合思想,是中档题.
解析由指数函数与对数函数的图像知 ,解得 ,故选A.
(12)数列{ }满足 ,则{ }的前60项和为
(A)3690 (B)3660 (C)1845 (D)1830
命题意图本题主要考查灵活运用数列知识求数列问题能力,是难题.
解析法1有题设知
=1,① =3 ② =5 ③ =7, =9,
=11, =13, =15, =17, =19, ,
……
∴②-①得 =2,③+②得 =8,同理可得 =2, =24, =2, =40,…,
∴ , , ,…,是各项均为2的常数列, , , ,…是首项为8,公差为16的等差数列,
∴{ }的前60项和为 =1830.
法2可证明:
二.填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分。
(13)曲线 在点(1,1)处的切线方程为________
命题意图本题主要考查导数的几何意义与直线方程,是简单题.
解析∵ ,∴切线斜率为4,则切线方程为: .
(14)等比数列{ }的前n项和为Sn,若S3+3S2=0, 则公比 =_______
命题意图本题主要考查等比数列n项和公式,是简单题.
解析当 =1时, = , = ,由S3+3S2=0得 , =0,∴ =0与{ }是等比数列矛盾,故 ≠1,由S3+3S2=0得 , ,解得 =-2.
(15) 已知向量 , 夹角为 ,且| |=1,| |= ,则| |= .
命题意图.本题主要考查平面向量的数量积及其运算法则,是简单题.
解析∵| |= ,平方得 ,即 ,解得| |= 或 (舍)
(16)设函数 =的最大值为M,最小值为m,则M+m=____
命题意图本题主要考查利用函数奇偶性、最值及转换与化归思想,是难题.
解析 = ,
设 = = ,则 是奇函数,
∵ 最大值为M,最小值为 ,∴ 的最大值为M-1,最小值为 -1,
∴ , =2.
三、解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤。
(17)(本小题满分12分)已知 , , 分别为 三个内角 , , 的对边, .
(Ⅰ)求 ;
(Ⅱ)若 =2, 的面积为 ,求 , .
命题意图本题主要考查正余弦定理应用,是简单题.
解析(Ⅰ)由 及正弦定理得
由于 ,所以 ,
又 ,故 .
(Ⅱ) 的面积 = = ,故 =4,
而 故 =8,解得 =2.
18.(本小题满分12分)某花店每天以每枝5元的价格从农场购进若干枝玫瑰花,然后以每枝10元的价格出售。如果当天卖不完,剩下的玫瑰花做垃圾处理。
(Ⅰ)若花店一天购进17枝玫瑰花,求当天的利润y(单位:元)关于当天需求量n(单位:枝,n∈N)的函数解析式。
(Ⅱ)花店记录了100天 玫瑰花的日需求量(单位:枝),整理得下表:
日需求量n
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
频数
10
20
16
16
15
13
10
(i)假设花店在这100天内每天购进17枝玫瑰花,求这100天 的日利润(单位:元)的平均数;
(ii)若花店一天购进17枝玫瑰花,以100天记录的各需求量的频率作为各需求量发生的概率,求当天的利润不少于75元的概率.
命题意图本题主要考查给出样本频数分别表求样本的均值、将频率做概率求互斥事件的和概率,是简单题.
解析(Ⅰ)当日需求量 时,利润 =85;
当日需求量 时,利润 ,
∴ 关于 的解析式为 ;
(Ⅱ)(i)这100天中有10天的日利润为55元,20天的日利润为65元,16天的日利润为75元,54天的日利润为85元,所以这100天的平均利润为
=76.4;
(ii)利润不低于75元当且仅当日需求不少于16枝,故当天的利润不少于75元的概率为
(19)(本小题满分12分)如图,三棱柱 中,侧棱垂直底面,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=AA1,D是棱AA1的中点。
(I) 证明:平面 ⊥平面
(Ⅱ)平面 分此棱柱为两部分,求这两部分体积的比.
命题意图本题主要考查空间线线、线面、面面垂直的判定与性质及几何体的体积计算,考查空间想象能力、逻辑推理能力,是简单题.
解析(Ⅰ)由题设知BC⊥ ,BC⊥AC, ,∴ 面 , 又∵ 面 ,∴ ,
由题设知 ,∴ = ,即 ,
又∵ , ∴ ⊥面 , ∵ 面 ,
∴面 ⊥面 ;
(Ⅱ)设棱锥 的体积为 , =1,由题意得, = = ,
由三棱柱 的体积 =1,
∴ =1:1, ∴平面 分此棱柱为两部分体积之比为1:1.
(20)(本小题满分12分)设抛物线 : ( >0)的焦点为 ,准线为 , 为 上一点,已知以 为圆心, 为半径的圆 交 于 , 两点.
(Ⅰ)若 , 的面积为 ,求 的值及圆 的方程;
(Ⅱ)若 , , 三点在同一条直线 上,直线 与 平行,且 与 只有一个公共点,求坐标原点到 , 距离的比值.
命题意图本题主要考查圆的方程、抛物线的定义、直线与抛物线的位置关系、点到直线距离公式、线线平行等基础知识,考查数形结合思想和运算求解能力.
解析设准线 于 轴的焦点为E,圆F的半径为 ,
则|FE|= , = ,E是BD的中点,
(Ⅰ) ∵ ,∴ = ,|BD|= ,
设A( , ),根据抛物线定义得,|FA|= ,
∵ 的面积为 ,∴ = = = ,解得 =2,
∴F(0,1), FA|= , ∴圆F的方程为: ;
(Ⅱ) 解析1∵ , , 三点在同一条直线 上, ∴ 是圆 的直径, ,
由抛物线定义知 ,∴ ,∴ 的斜率为 或- ,
∴直线 的方程为: ,∴原点到直线 的距离 = ,
设直线 的方程为: ,代入 得, ,
∵ 与 只有一个公共点, ∴ = ,∴ ,
∴直线 的方程为: ,∴原点到直线 的距离 = ,
∴坐标原点到 , 距离的比值为3.
解析2由对称性设 ,则
点 关于点 对称得:
得: ,直线
切点
直线
坐标原点到 距离的比值为 。
(21)(本小题满分12分)设函数f(x)= ex-ax-2
(Ⅰ)求f(x)的单调区间
(Ⅱ)若a=1,k为整数,且当x>0时,(x-k) f?(x)+x+1>0,求k的最大值
请考生在第22、23、24题中任选一题做答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分,做答时请写清题号.
22. (本小题满分10分)选修4-1:几何选讲
如图,D,E分别是△ABC边AB,AC的中点,直线DE交△ABC的外接圆与F,G两点,若CF∥AB,证明:
(Ⅰ) CD=BC;
(Ⅱ)△BCD∽△GBD.
命题意图本题主要考查线线平行判定、三角形相似的判定等基础知识,是简单题.
解析(Ⅰ) ∵D,E分别为AB,AC的中点,∴DE∥BC,
∵CF∥AB, ∴BCFD是平行四边形,
∴CF=BD=AD, 连结AF,∴ADCF是平行四边形,
∴CD=AF,
∵CF∥AB, ∴BC=AF, ∴CD=BC;
(Ⅱ) ∵FG∥BC,∴GB=CF,
由(Ⅰ)可知BD=CF,∴GB=BD,
∵∠DGB=∠EFC=∠DBC, ∴△BCD∽△GBD.
23. (本小题满分10分)选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程
已知曲线 的参数方程是 ( 是参数),以坐标原点为极点, 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线 :的极坐标方程是 =2,正方形ABCD的顶点都在 上,且A,B,C,D依逆时针次序排列,点A的极坐标为(2, ).
(Ⅰ)求点A,B,C,D的直角坐标;
(Ⅱ)设P为 上任意一点,求 的取值范围.
命题意图本题考查了参数方程与极坐标,是容易题型.
解析(Ⅰ)由已知可得 , ,
, ,
即A(1, ),B(- ,1),C(―1,― ),D( ,-1),
(Ⅱ)设 ,令 = ,
则 = = ,
∵ ,∴ 的取值范围是[32,52].
24.(本小题满分10分)选修4-5:不等式选讲
已知函数 = .
(Ⅰ)当 时,求不等式 ≥3的解集;
(Ⅱ) 若 ≤ 的解集包含 ,求 的取值范围.
命题意图本题主要考查含绝对值不等式的解法,是简单题.
解析(Ⅰ)当 时, = ,
当 ≤2时,由 ≥3得 ,解得 ≤1;
当2< <3时, ≥3,无解;
当 ≥3时,由 ≥3得 ≥3,解得 ≥8,
∴ ≥3的解集为{ | ≤1或 ≥8};
(Ⅱ) ≤ ,
当 ∈[1,2]时, = =2,
∴ ,有条件得 且 ,即 ,
故满足条件的 的取值范围为[-3,0].
2011四川高考文科数学答案
上海数学(理工农医类)参考答案
一、(第1题至笫12题)
1. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. -1+i 6. 7.
8. 5 9. 10. 36 11. k=0,-1<b<1 12. a≤10
二、(第13题至笫16题)
13. C 14. A 15. A 16. D
三、(第17题至笫22题)
17.解:y=cos(x+ ) cos(x- )+ sin2x
=cos2x+ sin2x=2sin(2x+ )
∴函数y=cos(x+ ) cos(x- )+ sin2x的值域是[-2,2],最小正周期是π.
18.解:连接BC,由余弦定理得BC2=202+102-2×20×10COS120°=700.
于是,BC=10 .
∵ , ∴sin∠ACB= ,
∵∠ACB<90° ∴∠ACB=41°
∴乙船应朝北偏东71°方向沿直线前往B处救援.
19.解:(1) 在四棱锥P-ABCD中,由PO⊥平面ABCD,得
∠PBO是PB与平面ABCD所成的角, ∠PBO=60°.
在Rt△AOB中BO=ABsin30°=1, 由PO⊥BO,
于是,PO=BOtg60°= ,而底面菱形的面积为2 .
∴四棱锥P-ABCD的体积V= ×2 × =2.
(2)解法一:以O为坐标原点,射线OB、OC、OP分别为x轴、y轴、z轴的正半轴建立空间直角坐标系.
在Rt△AOB中OA= ,于是,点A、B、D、P的坐标分别是A(0,- ,0),
B(1,0,0),D(-1,0,0)P(0,0, ).
E是PB的中点,则E( ,0, ) 于是 =( ,0, ), =(0, , ).
设 的夹角为θ,有cosθ= ,θ=arccos ,
∴异面直线DE与PA所成角的大小是arccos .
解法二:取AB的中点F,连接EF、DF.
由E是PB的中点,得EF‖PA,
∴∠FED是异面直线DE与PA所成角(或它的补角).
在Rt△AOB中AO=ABcos30°= =OP,
于是, 在等腰Rt△POA中,PA= ,则EF= .
在正△ABD和正△PBD中,DE=DF= .
cos∠FED= =
∴异面直线DE与PA所成角的大小是arccos .
20.证明:(1)设过点T(3,0)的直线l交抛物线y2=2x于点A(x1,y1)、B(x12,y2).
当直线l的钭率下存在时,直线l的方程为x=3,此时,直线l与抛物线相交于点A(3, )、B(3,- ).∴ =3
当直线l的钭率存在时,设直线l的方程为y=k(x-3),其中k≠0.
当 y2=2x
得ky2-2y-6k=0,则y1y2=-6.
y=k(x-3)
又∵x1= y , x2= y ,
∴ =x1x2+y1y2= =3.
综上所述, 命题“如果直线l过点T(3,0),那么 =3”是真命题.
(2)逆命题是:设直线l交抛物线y2=2x于A、B两点,如果 =3,那么该直线过点T(3,0).该命题是假命题.
例如:取抛物线上的点A(2,2),B( ,1),此时 =3,
直线AB的方程为Y= (X+1),而T(3,0)不在直线AB上.
说明:由抛物线y2=2x上的点A(x1,y1)、B(x12,y2)满足 =3,可得y1y2=-6.
或y1y2=2,如果y1y2=-6.,可证得直线AB过点(3,0);如果y1y2=2, 可证得直线AB过点(-1,0),而不过点(3,0).
21.证明(1)当n=1时,a2=2a,则 =a;
2≤n≤2k-1时, an+1=(a-1) Sn+2, an=(a-1) Sn-1+2,
an+1-an=(a-1) an, ∴ =a, ∴数列{an}是等比数列.
解(2)由(1)得an=2a , ∴a1a2…an=2 a =2 a =a ,
bn= (n=1,2,…,2k).
(3)设bn≤ ,解得n≤k+ ,又n是正整数,于是当n≤k时, bn< ;
当n≥k+1时, bn> .
原式=( -b1)+( -b2)+…+( -bk)+(bk+1- )+…+(b2k- )
=(bk+1+…+b2k)-(b1+…+bk)
= = .
当 ≤4,得k2-8k+4≤0, 4-2 ≤k≤4+2 ,又k≥2,
∴当k=2,3,4,5,6,7时,原不等式成立.
22.解(1) 函数y=x+ (x>0)的最小值是2 ,则2 =6, ∴b=log29.
(2)设0<x1<x2,y2-y1= .
当 <x1<x2时, y2>y1, 函数y= 在[ ,+∞)上是增函数;
当0<x1<x2< 时y2<y1, 函数y= 在(0, ]上是减函数.
又y= 是偶函数,于是,该函数在(-∞,- ]上是减函数, 在[- ,0)上是增函数.
(3)可以把函数推广为y= (常数a>0),其中n是正整数.
当n是奇数时,函数y= 在(0, ]上是减函数,在[ ,+∞) 上是增函数,
在(-∞,- ]上是增函数, 在[- ,0)上是减函数.
当n是偶数时,函数y= 在(0, ]上是减函数,在[ ,+∞) 上是增函数,
在(-∞,- ]上是减函数, 在[- ,0)上是增函数.
F(x)= +
=
因此F(x) 在 [ ,1]上是减函数,在[1,2]上是增函数.
所以,当x= 或x=2时, F(x)取得最大值( )n+( )n;
当x=1时F(x)取得最小值2n+1.
图画不到。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
四川文数学解析
1.答案:B
解析:由M= {1,2,3,4,5},N={2,4},则 N={1,2,3}.
2.答案:B
解析:大于或等于31.5的频数共有12+7+3=22个,所以P= = .
3.答案:D
解析:由 得 ,则圆心坐标是(2,-3).
4. 答案:A
解析:由函数 的图像关于直线y=x对称知其反函数是 ,故选A.
5.答案:A
解析:“x=3”是“x2=9”的充分而不必要的条件.
6.答案:B
解析:若 , 则 , 有三种位置关系,可能平行、相交或异面,故A不对.虽然 ∥ ∥ ,或 , , 共点,但是 , , 可能共面,也可能不共面,故C、D也不正确.
7.答案:D
解析: = = = = .
8.答案:C
解析:由题意得 ,
, .
9.答案:A
解析:由a1=1, an+1 =3Sn(n ≥1)得a2=3=3×40,a3=12=3×41,a4=48=3×42,a5=3×43,a6=3×44.
10.答案:C
解析:由题意设当天派 辆甲型卡车, 辆乙型卡车,则利润 ,得约束条件 ,画出可行域在 的点 代入目标函数 .
11.答案:A
解析:横坐标为 , 的两点的坐标 经过这两点的直线的斜率是 ,则设直线方程为 ,则 又 .
12.答案:B
解析:基本事件: .其中面积为2的平行四边形的个数 ;m=3故 .
13.答案:84
解析: 的展开式中 的系数是 =84.
14.答案:16
解析: ,点 显然在双曲线右支上,点 到左焦点的距离为20,所以
15.答案:
解析: 时, ,则 = .
16.答案:②③④
17. 本小题主要考查相互独立事件、互斥事件等概念及相关计算,考查运用所学知识和方法解决实际问题的能力.
解析 :①中有 = ,但-2≠2,则①不正确;与“若 时总有 ”等价的命题是“若 时总有 ”故②③正确;函数f(x)在定义域上具有单调性的函数一定是单函数,则④正确.
解析:(Ⅰ)甲、乙在三小时以上且不超过四小时还车的概率的分别是 , ,故甲、乙在三小时以上且不超过四小时还车的概率都是 .
(Ⅱ)设“甲、乙两人每次租车都不超过两小时”为事件A, “甲、乙两人每次租车一人不超过两小时,另一个人在两小时以上且不超过三小时还车”为事件B, 此时,所付的租车费用之和2元;“甲、乙两人每次租车都在两小时以上且不超过三小时还车”为事件C,此时,所付的租车费用之和4元;甲、乙两人每次租车一人不超过两小时,另一个人在三小时以上且不超过四小时还车”为事件D,此时,所付的租车费用之和4元;则 , , , .
因为事件A,B,C,D互斥,故甲、乙两人所付的租车费用之和小于6元的概率 .
所以甲、乙两人所付的租车费用之和小于6元的概率 .
18. 本小题考查三角函数的性质,同角三角函数的关系,两角和的正、余弦公式、诱导公式等基础知识和基本运算能力,函数与方程、化归与转化等数学思想.
解析:(Ⅰ)∵
(Ⅱ)由 ,
由 ,
两式相加得2 .
.
19.本小题主要考查直三棱柱的性质、线面关系、二面角等基本知识,并考查空间想象能力和逻辑推理能力,考查应用向量知识解决问题的能力.
解法一:
(Ⅰ)连结AB1与BA1交于点O,连结OD,
∵C1D∥AA1,A1C1=C1P, ∴AD=PD.
又AO=B10.∴OD∥PD1.
又OD 平面BDA1, PD1 平面BDA1.
∴PB1∥平面BDA1.
(Ⅱ)过A作AE⊥DA1于点E,连结BE.
∵BA⊥CA,BA⊥AA1,且AA1∩AC=A,∴BA⊥平面AA1C1C.
由三垂线定理可知BE⊥DA1.∴∠BEA为二面角A-A1D-B的平面角.
在Rt△A1C1D中, ,又 ,∴ .
在Rt△BAE中, ,∴ .
故二面角A-A1D-B的平面角的余弦值为 .
解法二:
如图,以A1为原点,A1B1,A1C1,A1A所在直线分别为x轴,y轴,z轴建立空间直角坐标系A1-B1C1A,则 , , , .
(Ⅰ)在 PAA1中有设C1D= AA1,∵AC∥PC1,∴ .由此可得 ,
∴ , , .
设平面BA1D的一个法向量为 ,
则 令 ,则 .
∵PB1∥平面BA1D,
∴ ,
∴PB1∥平面BDA1.
(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)知,平面BA1D的一个法向量 .
又 为平面AA1D的一个法向量.∴ .
故二面角A-A1D-B的平面角的余弦值为 .
20. 本小题考查等比数列和等差数列的基础知识以及基本的运算能力,分析问题、解决问题的能力和化归与转化等数学思想.
解析:(Ⅰ)由已知, = ,∴ , ,
当 成等差数列时, 可得
化简得 解得 .
(Ⅱ)若 =1,则﹛ ﹜的每一项 = ,此时 , , 显然成等差数列.
若 ≠1, , , 成等差数列可得 + =2
即 + = 化简得 + = .
∴ + =
∴ , , 成等差数列.
21. 本小题主要考查直线、椭圆的标准方程及基本性质等基本知识,考查平面解析几何的思想方法及推理运算能力.
(Ⅰ)由已知得 , ,所以 ,则椭圆方程为 .
椭圆右焦点为( ,0),此时直线 的方程为 ,
代入椭圆方程化简得7 -8 =0.解得 =0, = ,
代入直线方程得 =1. =- .∴D点的坐标为
则线段 的长
(Ⅱ)直线 垂直于x轴时与题意不符.
设直线 的方程为 ( 且 ).
代入椭圆方程化简得(4k2+1) -8k =0解得 =0, = ,
设代入直线 方程得 =1. = .∴D点的坐标为 ,
又直线AC的方程为: +y=1,直线BD的方程为: ,
联立解得 ,因此Q点的坐标为 ,又 ,
∴ .
故 为定值.
22.本小题主要考查函数导数的应用、不等式的证明、解方程等基本知识,考查数形结合、函数与方程、分类与整合、特殊与一般等数学思想方法及推理运算、分析问题、解决问题的能力.
解:(Ⅰ)F(x)=18f(x)-x2[h(x)]2=-x3+12x+9( )
∴ -3x2+12,令 ,得 (x=-2舍).
当 时, ;当 时, .
故当 时, 是增函数; 时, 是减函数.
函数 在 处有得极大值 .
(Ⅱ)原方程可化为 ,
①当 时,原方程有一解 ;
②当 时,原方程有二解 ;
③当 时,原方程有一解 ;
④当 或 时,原方程无解.
(Ⅲ)由已知得 .
f(n)h(n)- = -
设数列 的前n项和为 ,且 ( )
从而 ,当 时, .
又
.
即对任意 时,有 ,又因为 ,
所以 .
故 .
故原不等式成立.