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2021高考非谓语动词学科网,非谓的高考题

tamoadmin 2024-05-23 人已围观

简介1.非谓语动词作状语的用法2.高中英语 非谓语动词 过去分词做状语的问题。Driven by ……3.非谓语动词4.非谓语做定语主被动如何判断 详细介绍下,别含糊不清,最好有万能的方法5.高考的语法题中如何区分位于动词和非谓语动词serving的原型是serve 动词可以解释为服务 作为宗教仪式的中心舞台来服务servered的原型是server 而server字典上只能做n.不能做v.

1.非谓语动词作状语的用法

2.高中英语 非谓语动词 过去分词做状语的问题。Driven by ……

3.非谓语动词

4.非谓语做定语主被动如何判断 详细介绍下,别含糊不清,最好有万能的方法

5.高考的语法题中如何区分位于动词和非谓语动词

2021高考非谓语动词学科网,非谓的高考题

serving的原型是serve 动词可以解释为服务 作为宗教仪式的中心舞台来服务

servered的原型是server 而server字典上只能做n.不能做v.所以不存在被动

就算要被动 应该是perhaps being served as

非谓语动词作状语的用法

正解D。reading "No Smoking"这个部分是非谓语形式,修饰the signs.

read 在此处意思为 有某字样。e.g. The sign reads "Keep Left". 路标上写着"靠左行驶."

因此,原句也可以改为 The signs which reads "No Smoking" are placed in the public places.所以C不对。

sign 与 read 是主动关系,而非被动。故A不对。而且也没有表目的或表将来的意味,B也不对。

高中英语 非谓语动词 过去分词做状语的问题。Driven by ……

非谓语动词作状语用法详解

作状语是非谓语动词的主要功能之一。正确运用非谓语动词作状语是考生必须掌握的最基本英语语法知识之一,也是NMET及其同等水平考试常见考查内容。笔者这里结合一些常见例题谈谈此方面语法知识的复习。

一、不定式作状语

不定式作状语常常考查的有以下三方面知识:

⒈不定式作目的状语 一方面不定式可以独立作目的状语;另一方面不定式还可以用在so as (to) 或 in order (to) 后,表示目的。从结构上讲,不定式作目的状语放于句首时,通常用逗号和句子隔开;如果放于句末,通常不用逗号:

名题1 (2003北京海淀区高三第二学期期中练习 · 26)

_____ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.

A. Improving B. To improve C. Improved D. Having improved

解析 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。不定式放于句首,说明了酒店员工积极学习英语的目的。答案为B。

名题2 (2003北京东城区高三总复习练习(一)· 26)

______ time and labour, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only three fingers and a thumb.

A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved

解析 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。不定式放于句首,说明了漫画家在画人物的手指时为什么只画三个手指和一个大拇指。答案为A。

名题3 (’99SHMET · 18)

—Mum. Why do you always make me eat an egg every day?

—_______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.

A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be

解析 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况;不定式作状语多表示目的和结果。问句以why 开头,暗示了要用非谓语动词作目的状语。作目的状语的不定式可用in order to 来引起;有时为了强调,也常常放在句首。答案为C。

2.不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语时放于句末,其前面时常有副词only(In the last analysis or final outcome:—最后的分析,最终结果:):

名题4 (2004陕西省高三调研题 · 27)

The American troops tried many times to break into the mosque, _______each time.

A. beaten back B. only to be beaten back

C. being beaten back D. having been beaten back

解析 本题考查动词不定式作结果状语。A项为过去分词,其基本属性是表示“一个早于谓语动词而发生的被动动作”,通常说明谓语动词发生背景;C项为现在分词的被动体,其基本属性是表示“一个和谓语动词同时发生的被动动作”,但这种形式一般不用于作状语;D项为分词完成体的被动形式,用以强调该被动动作在位于发生之前已经完成。答案为B。

3.不定式作原因状语 用作原因状语的不定式一般放于句末,偶尔也见于句首。说明谓语动作或状态产生的原因:

名题5 (2001陕西省高三调研题(一) · 27)

We all jumped with great joy ______ the news that our country would have joined WTO by the end of the year.

A. hearing B. to have heard C. being heard D. to hear

解析 本题考查动词不定式作原因状语。现在分词放于句末作状语时,一般要用逗号和句子隔开;根据题干可以看出这里只说明高兴得跳起的原因,而不是动作是否已经完成。答案为D。

不定式的这种用法常见于表示人的心理感受的形容词作表语的句式中。这类形容词常见的有:happy, glad, sorry, lucky, fortunate, unfortunate, ashamed, surprised, frightened, shocked, delighted, disappointed, anxious, impatient, foolish, rude, cruel, wrong, considerate, prompt, etc. 如:

⑴ Many people are eager to take part in the coming Olympic Games.

⑵ We shall be happy to co-operate with you in the work.

⑶ I was annoyed to hear them talk like that.

二、现在分词作状语

使用现在分词作状语时,分词动作的执行者必须是句子的主语。通常有以下三种题型:

1.作伴随状语,表示分词动作同句子谓语动词所表示动作同时进行:

例题6 (2002天津市高三模拟试题(二) · 29)

______ the merry tune, Jack fixed the tire.

A. Whistling B. To whistle

C. Whistled D. Having been whistled

解析 题干中的the merry tune作非谓语动词的宾语,所以排除表达被动意义的C, D两项;不定式放于句首只能作目的状语;现在分词放于句首时,可以作伴随状语,说明“杰克一边吹这欢乐的小调,一边装这轮胎”。答案为A。

但也有相当一部分只能放句子后面,都可以放:

例题7 (2004陕西省高三调研题 · 31)

All night long he lay awake, _______ how to drive the American invaders back home.

A. to think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought

解析 现在分词作伴随状语。(译文: 他彻夜未眠,思量着如何把美国鬼子赶回家。)答案为B。

2.作原因状语。例如:

名题8 (2003南昌高三测试题 · 26)

______good , the food was sold out soon.

A. Tasting B. Tasted C. Being tasted D. Having been tasted

解析 taste 可作系动词,所以没有被动形式。C项是现在分词一般体的被动形式,表示一个和句子谓语同时进行的被动动作;D项是动名词完成体的被动形式表示一个早于谓语动词的被动动作,但动名词不可以作状语。作状语时,如果要表示一个早于谓语动词的被动动作,用过去分词即可。答案为A。

名题9 (2004南阳市高三第二次模拟试题 · 34)

—A traffic jam?

—Oh, no. _______, the right side of the road is closed for the time being.

A. To be repaired B. Being repaired C. Repaired D. Having repaired

解析 句子的主语是the right side of the road,它和非谓语动词“维修”之间属被动关系,所以排除D;而C过去分词虽然也表示被动,但在时间上却早于句子的谓语;A项虽为被动,但表示的是将来,只说明暂时封闭的目的;B项说明路正在维修,作原因状语。答案为B。

现在分词短语作原因状语,尤其见于be,feel,know,recognize,fear等状态动词的现在分词(短语),以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时。例:

⑴ Seeing the door locked, he realized that he would have to turn back in vain again.

⑵ Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her to express my gratitude to him.

⑶ Not having finished her work, she had to work extra hours.

⑷ They sent us their statement, hoping to get our support.

3.作时间状语,相当于when 引起的从句:

名题10 (2003天津市重点中学联考题 · 34)

______the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.

A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frightening

C. Seen; frightened D. To see; frightening

解析 首先小姑娘看见蛇说明see 和句子的主语是主动关系;C项是过去分词,其根本属性是表示被动,表示一个在句子谓语发生之前已经发生的一个被动动作;D项虽然表示了和主语之间的主动关系,但不定式的根本属性是表示将来。所以,C, D均可排除。而frightened (受惊的)作状语说明了主语受惊后的状态;frightening (令人恐惧的)说明主语的特点。答案为A。

名题11 (2004太原市高考模拟试题 · 26)

_______ to her apartment, she found her necklace missing.

A. To return B. Returned C. Being returned D. Returning

解析 题中的return意为“返回”,因而不可能有被动形式;不定式放于句首通常只能是作目的状语,因此不和题义。而这里现在分词放于句首相当于一个由when连接的时间状语从句,表示这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生。答案为D。

如果两个动作是同时发生,多用when或while加分词这种结构,例:

⑴ Be careful when crossing the street.

⑵ When leaving the room, she forgot to lock the door.

⑶ She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.

⑷ Don’t mention this while talking to him.

4.如果分表示的动作发生于谓语所表示的动作之前,就用分词的完成体:

名题12 (2001NMET · 35)

______ such heavy pollution already, it may not be too late to clear up the river.

A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered

解析 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。按照传统语法,现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语相一致,但这里分词的逻辑主语是river(作宾语),又有already 提示“suffer”发生在谓语之前,故用现在分词完成体作状语。答案为A。

名题13 (2003广州市高三调研题 · 27)

______a seat, she left her books on it.

A. Found B. Finding C. To find D. Having found

解析 根据题义,只有找到座位,才可以把书本放在上面。只有现在分词的完成体D才说明了“find”发生在谓语动作发生之前。答案为D。

三、过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语,用来说明谓语动作发生的背景或情况,通常有以下几种题型:

1.作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句:

名题14 (2003辽宁省重点中学连考题 · 35)

______ , the young man is healthy and strong..

A. Fully developed B. Fully growing C. Full developing D. Full grown

解析 本题考查非谓语动词作状语。首先,分词前要用副词来修饰;其次,grow是不及物动词,可以说grow quickly(长地快)、grow old (变老),但fully growing就不和逻辑了。而develop vt (使发展)。A和句子的主语是被动关系,说明了该年轻人身体强健的原因是因为得到了全面发展。答案为A。

名题15 (2004昆明市高三模拟试题 · 28)

______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose

解析 Lose 是及物动词, 意思是“专心致志于…”, 后接反身代词; lost in thought源于lose oneself in thought。答案为C。

2.表示一个假设情况,相当于一个条件从句:

名题16 (2002辽宁省重点中学连考题 · 25)

______ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing...

A. To look at B. Looked at C. Looking at D. To be looked at

解析 题中的look at 是及物动词,而句子的主语situation 和 look at 只能是被动关系;D项虽为被动体,但不定式放于句首时只能作目的状语,其语法功能和题义不符。答案为B。

名题17 (2003太原市高三统一练习题(三) · 30)

_______ with developed countries, we still have a long way to go.

A. To compare B. Compared C. Comparing D. Being compared

解析 本句可以转换为复合句“If we are compared with developed countries, we still have a long way to go.”由此得知句子的主语we和compare之间属于被动关系,所以要用过去分词。答案为B。

4. 一般情况下非谓语动词作状语时,要求非谓语动词表示的动作和谓语动词的主语相同,但也有少数分词短语实际上已经成为固定结构,表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度。如:

名题18 (2000高考春招 · 17)

______the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

解析 given在此意为“鉴于”、“考虑到”。这种评说性的独立成分作状语,其逻辑主语不要求和句子的主语保持一致。这种情况下,分词短语的逻辑上的主语和句子的主语是不一致的,可以看作是一种独立成分.例:

⑴ Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed.

⑵ Considering his age, the child reads well.

⑶ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong.

⑷ Given their inexperience, they have done a good job.

答案为A。

5. 分词作状语时,有时前面可以加上一个连词。连词than, as, once, if, unless, though, even if等之后,均可以接一个过去分词作状语,这时,分词的逻辑主语是分词的动作对象。

名题19 (2002NMET

The research is so designed that once _______nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

  解析 :本题考查的是过去分词作条件状语从句时的用法.在这儿once begun可换成once it is begun,故最佳答案是D项.

名题20 (2002上海春招)

When _______, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed

  解析该题考查过去分词充当时间状语的用法.同样把when completed还原成when it is completed便可知最佳答案为A.

名题21 (2002合肥市高三第二次抽样考试 · 28)

______ who she was, she said she was Mary’s cousin.

A. Asked B. When asked C. When asking D. Asking

例:⑴ Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.

⑵ Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didn’t lose heart.

⑶ If carefully done, the experiment will be successful.

要学习掌握非谓语动词作状语,就必须牢记不定式、现在分词和过去分词的基本属性,并据此从句子的整体结构去理解句子的含义。只有这样,才能有效地排除干扰项,并作出正确选择。

非谓语动词

这个题目我做过,那是应该是做错了的,记得是个高考题,当时也很纠结,并且现在还是不太会,下面是从网上找的解析,但愿对你有帮助。

1)找出逻辑主语。就是句子的主语farmers

2) 判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系。这里显然是被动关系。

3)根据句意及非谓语动词的特点选出正确选项。being driven 表示现在正在进行的被动动作,或与主语谓语动词同时发生的被动动作。而过去分词只强调被动,不注重其时间上的先后还是同时发生。这里主句用的是现在完成时,时态上是后于现在后于现在进行的,故而前一句对,那么,后一句就错了。

style="font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;border-left: 4px solid #a10d00;margin: 10px 0px 15px 0px;padding: 10px 0 10px 20px;background: #f1dada;">非谓语做定语主被动如何判断 详细介绍下,别含糊不清,最好有万能的方法

高考英语语法专题讲解-主谓一致

★着重讲解混搭情况,均遵守以下原则:

1. 意义一致原则

主语后跟有以下引起的短语:谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。

1.1 (together) with: Alice (together) with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

1.2 except/but: Every picture except/ but these two has been sold.

Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

1.3 no less than: His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

1.4 rather than: The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

1.5 perhaps : Peter, perhaps John, is playing with the little dog.

1.6 like: He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

1.7 including/ besides/ as well as

2. 就近原则

2.1 主语由以下连词连接:谓语动词与后一个主语一致:

2.2.1(Either)…or…: Either you or I am going to the movies.

2.2.2 Neither…nor…

2.2.3 Whether…or…

2.2.4 Not only…but (also)

2.2.5 Not…but…

2.2 there be 句型: be 动词与后面第一个名词一致

E.g. There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.

2.3副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away, such连接的全部倒装结构中:谓语动词由动词后面的主语决定

On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。

On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。

Such is the result. 结果就是这样。

Such are the results. 这就是结果

3. 整体原则

3.1 并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词没有冠词:

The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.

(一个人)

The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.

(两个人)

Bread and butter is their daily food.

3.2表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词常用单数形式:

E.g. Three years is not a long time.

Ten dollars is what he needs.

Five hundred miles is a long distance.

3.3复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待(人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等),动词用单数形式:

E.g. The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。

“The Arabian Nights”(《天方夜谭》)is an interesting book.

3.4集合名词people, police ,cattle作主语,谓语动词用复数形式:

E.g. The police are searching for him.

The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

4. 谓单原则

4.1 and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

E.g. Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.

No teacher and no student is absent today.

Many a student is busy with their lessons.

4.2 用many a, more than one 修饰名词时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

E.g. More than one person has made the suggestion.

Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.

4.3 Each, Either, One, Another, The other, Neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:

E.g. Each takes a cup of tea.

Either is correct.

4.4 由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式:

E.g. Nothing is to be done.

4.5 means, politics, physics, plastics作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.

5. 具体情况原则

5.1 all, few, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时,既可表示复数意义,也可表示单数意义,谓语动词要根据实际情况而定:

All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。

不可数-> 谓单

All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。

可数-> 谓复

Most of the wood was used to make furniture.

不可数-> 谓单

Most of the people are from England.

可数-> 谓复

5.2 the + 形容词(或分词)作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念,谓语动词则用单数形式:

5.3 population当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数:

5.4 the number of + 名词复数,是表示“…的数字”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;

a (large / great) number of + 名词复数,表示许多,作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式:

5.5 有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience, government等作主语时,如看作是一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数形式:

6. 先行词原则

关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

高考的语法题中如何区分位于动词和非谓语动词

非谓语动词,即不定式、-ing分词和 -ed分词作定语的用法较灵活。

高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容:

1.不定式作定语;

2.-ing分词作定语;

3.-ed分词作定语。

例如:

1.(北京2000, 单项填空)The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung

正确答案:B 根据题干判断,句中需要一个既作定语又表状态的非谓语动词,所以选B。

2.(NMET97,单项填空)The Olympic Games,______in 776 B.C., did not include women

players until 1912.

A. first playing B. to be first played

C. first played D. to be first playing

正确答案:C 此题考查分词作非限制性定语的用法,有被动意义,动作已完成,所以选C。

3.(NMET94,单项填空)The first text books _______ for teaching English as a

foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

正确答案:D 此题考查分词的限制性定语用法,其他与例2类似,所以选D。

至于楼 主说的通用的用法,不太可能,需要根据实际情况作分析,建议,直接找非谓语动词做定语的试题,集中做十几道,就会有感觉了,这个经验,比任何所谓的语法讲解都来得效果好。

语法讲解也有些,不知是否你要的万能用法,不过,掌握了以下知识点,倒是万变不离其宗。

1.不定式作定语

 ① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名

词、代词之后。其中,不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作,完成式则表示

该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

例如:She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.

 ② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.

例如:Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.

 We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)

 ③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语,

则该不定式多用主动表被动,否则,用被动式。

例如:I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)

    Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything)

    Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.

2.-ing分词作定语

 ① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后

置;强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。

例如:a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )

    a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )

    the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )

    The girl singing is my classmate.

 ② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正

在进行,否则,要用从句作定语。

例如:Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?

    Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?

 

3.-ed分词作定语

  -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,

-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。

例如:a developed/developing country

 He is a student loved by all the teachers.

 The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.

将来时有几种表达方法:

最常见的

will

do,还有对于快速移动的动词(如:go/come/arrive/fly/take等)用be

going(现在进行时)可以表达将来要做的动作,还有一种是:be

(about)

to

do

,即be动词后面加动词不定式(about可以省略)表示马上、立即将要发生的动作,如:

i

am

(about)

to

go

out.

我马上就要出门了

这个句子中因为主句处在过去时的语境中,led(lead的过去式),后面的宾语从句

believe

that...

的时态要保持一致,在过去的将来发生的动作,因此将be动词变形为was,即过去将来时

另外还用了动词不定式的被动语态,因为make

a

fortune(谁发财,赚大钱)这个词组中,fortune(运气、财气)是宾语,宾语提前要用被动语态,就是运气要来了,最终成为了:was

to

be

made(不能选b,因为是主动语态make,是不对的)

文章标签: # the # 动词 # 谓语