过去完成时在高考,过去完成时高考考点

2015年高考英语同步训练之动词的时态和语态

Ⅰ.单项填空

2013年高考真题：

1. “What do you want to be？” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I ______ president，” said the boy, with a *** ile.(湖南)

A. have been B. am

C. was D. will be

2. Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ______ us.(湖南)

A. bothers B. had bothered

C. would bother D. bothered

3. If nothing ______， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.(湖南)

A. does B. had been done

C. will do D. is done

4. — Have you heard about the recent election?

— Sure, it ______ the only thing on the news for the last three days.(湖南)

A. would be B. is

C. has been D. will be

5. — I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.

— I'm so sorry. But I ______ my homework. (湖南)

A. had done B. was doing

C. would do D. am doing

6. Shakespeare's play Hamlet ______ into at least ten different films over the past years. (北京)

A. had been made B. was made

C. has been made D. would be made

7. — Do you think Mom and Dad ______ late?

— No, Swiss Air is usually on time.(北京)

A. were B. will be

C. would be D. have been

8. Hurry up! Mark and Carol ______ us.(北京)

A. expect B. are expecting

C. have expected D. will expect

9. — So what is the procedure?

— All the applicants ______ before a final decision is made by the authority. (北京)

A. interview

B. are interviewing

C. are interviewed

D. are being interviewed

10. We ______ very early so we packed the night before.(新课标Ⅱ)

A. leave B. had left

C. were leaving D. have left

11. If we ______ now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it. (新课标Ⅰ)

A. hadn't acted B. haven't acted

C. don't act D. won't act

12. When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ______ my mind.(新课标Ⅰ)

A. have changed B. change

C. had changed D. would change

13. I ______ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.(江西)

A. e B. came

C. am ing D. was ing

14. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ______ it for a very long time. (辽宁)

A. has had B. had had

C. has D. had

15. We are confident that the environment ______ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.(辽宁)

A. had been improved

B. will be improved

C. is improved

D. was improved

16. I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it ______ pretty good. (山东)

A. has been B. was

C. had been D. would be

17. — Oh no! We're too late. The train ______.

— That's OK. We'll catch the next train to London. (山东)

A. was leaving B. had left

C. has left D. has been leaving

18. The famous musician, as well as his students, ______ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.(福建)

A. were invited

B. was invited

C. have been invited

D. has been invited

19. The girl has a great interest in sport and ______ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.(福建)

A. took B. is taking

C. takes D. has been taking

20. Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development.(江苏)

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

21. — Could I use your car tomorrow morning?

— Sure. I ______ a report at home.(江苏)

A. will be writing B. will have written

C. have written D. have been writing

22. — What about your self?drive trip yesterday?

— Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ______ a rough ride.(江苏)

A. had B. have

C. would have D. have had

23. On Monday mornings it usually ______ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. (陕西)

A. takes B. is taking

C. took D. will take

24. Jim ______ a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.(陕西)

A. watched B. had watched

C. was watching D. would be watching

25. Hurry up, kids! The school bus ______ for us！(四川)

A. waits B. was waiting

C. waited D. is waiting

26. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ______ one of the main pipes.(天津)

A. had repaired B. have repaired

C. repaired D. are repairing

27. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ______ sharply.(浙江)

A. was increasing B. has increased

C. had increased D. will be increasing

28. I felt very tired when I got home, and I ______ straight to bed.(重庆)

A. go B. went

C. had gone D. have gone

29. A Midsummer Night's Dream ______ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.(重庆)

A. opens B. is opened

C. will open D. will be opened

30. I'm calling about the apartment you ______ the other day. Could you tell me more about it？(安徽)

A. advertised B. had advertised

C. are advertising D. will advertise

2014届模拟题：

31. Mr. Black ______ for Shanghai in a few days. Do you know when the earliest plane ______ on Sunday？(中原名校联盟高三上期第一次摸底考试)

A. leaves; takes off

B. leaves; is taking off

C. is leaving; is taking off

D. is leaving; takes off

32. The shoes are of high quality and ______ long.(中原名校联盟高三上期第一次摸底考试)

A. wore B. are worn

C. wear D. will be worn

33. Yesterday afternoon, I ______ basketball with my clas *** ates for two hours.(耒阳二中高三第一次月考摸底考试)

A. play B. played

C. have played D. had played

34. Over the past decades, sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.(黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学高三第一次月考)

A. had decreased

B. decreased

C. has been decreasing

D. is decreasing

35. Mr. White ______ his racing bicycle by himself yesterday, but I'm not sure whether it is ready.(衡阳市第八中学高三上期第二次月考)

A. repaired B. had repaired

C. was repairing D. would repair

36. It was reported that an agreement ______ between the two panies and that they would carry out a project together.(衡阳市第八中学高三上期第二次月考)

A. reached B. had been reached

C. was reached D. has been reached

37. Our new English teacher, who is said to have moved back to China, ______ in America for almost ten years.(安庆市望江中学高三上期期中考试)

A. lived B. has lived

C. was living D. had lived

38. He ______ football regularly for many years when he was young.(桂林市十八中高三上期第三次月考)

A. was playing B. has played

C. played D. had played

39. — How did you catch the thief?

— Well, he ______ some goods into his bag when I came around a corner in the shop. So I caught him.(吉林市普通中学高三开学摸底考试)

A. was putting B. was put

C. have put D. had put

40. — Dear me! I ______ you at first sight! But you do have changed a lot!

— Nor ______ I! You are no longer the Fat Girl! (淮安市清江中学高三上学期第一次月考)

A. haven't recognized; have

B. hadn't recognized; had

C. don't recognize; do

D. didn't recognize; did

41. — Hi, Michelle，I can't find my e?dictionary.

— Sorry, I ______ it. I guess I put it on the top shelf with my things.(江西省红色六校高三上学期第一次联考)

A. had used B. used

C. was using D. am using

42. There are frequently reports of accidents as fireworks ______， stored or transported. (辽宁省瓦房店高级中学高三10月月考)

A. have been made

B. are being made

C. were made

D. have made

43. — Mr. Harry, we want to hear what you think about the reform being carried out in our school.

— OK, I ______ to that.(潍坊市潍坊一中高三上学期10月份阶段性检测)

A. am ing B. have e

C. came D. e

44. Since Jack was laid off from his job three months ago, he ______ a new one, but without luck.(潍坊市潍坊一中高三上学期10月份阶段性检测)

A. looked for B. had looked for

C. is looking for D. has been looking for

45. Rain and high winds today ______ to take the place of yesterday's mild conditions.(烟台二中高三10月月考)

A. expect B. are expected

C. are expecting D. has expected

46. She gave me half, and ______ the other half for her hu *** and.(枣庄市滕州一中高三10月第一次单元测试)

A. kept B. had kept

C. keeps D. will keep

47. The puters made by our pany sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they ______. (西安市长安区一中高三上学期第一次模拟考试)

A. were playing B. were to play

C. had played D. played

48. — You've left the light on.

— Oh, so I have. ______ to turn it off.(福建省德化一中高三上学期第二次质检)

A. I'll go B. I've gone

C. I go D. I'm going

49. Japan's economy ______ in the past twenty years. No one knows how long it ______ before it regains its increase.(成都七中高三上学期期中考试)

A. has been declining; will be

B. has declined; would be

C. had been in decline; would take

D. was on the decline; will take

50. The news came as no surprise to me. I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.(泸州市泸县第九中学高三上学期第一次诊断模拟考试)

A. knew B. know

C. have known D. had known

Ⅱ.根据句子提供的语境，用动词的适当形式(时态和语态)完成句子

1. The play which ________________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

2. Please do me a favor — ________________ (invite)my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.

3. The government plans to bring in new laws which ________________ (force) parents to take more responsibilities for the education of their children.

4. A *** all plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city and ________________ (kill) all four people on board.

5. There is a great deal of evidence which ________________ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.

6. Michael's new house is like a huge palace, if it ________________ (pare) with his old one.

7. — Why does the lake *** ell terrible?

— Because large quantities of water ________________ (pollute)．

8. According to the literary review, Shakespeare ________________ (make) his charities live through their language in his plays.

9. Would you please keep silent? The weather report ________________ (broadcast) and I want to listen.

10. — The food here is nice enough.

— My friend ________________ (introduce) me a right place.

11. — What is the price of petrol these days?

— Oh, it ________________ (rise) sharply since last month.

12. His sister left home in 1998, and ________________ (hear of) since.

13. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________________ (rise) steadily since 1990.

14. I was out of town at the time, so I don't know exactly how it ________________ (happen).

15. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________________ (visit) Beijing next summer.

16. Mary went to the box office at lunchtime, but all the tickets ________________ (sell) out.

17. — What do you think of the movie?

— It's fantastic. The only pity is that I ________________ (miss) the beginning of it.

18. She stared at the painting, wondering where she ________________ (see) it.

19. — I've got to go now.

— Must you? I ________________ (think)you could stay for dinner with us.

20. Progress ________________ (be) so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.

21. The population of Jiangsu ________________ (grow)to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.

22. — Good morning, Terry, can I use your puter for a while this afternoon?

— Sorry. It ________________ (use)．

23. — Ann is in hospital.

— Oh, really? I ________________ (not know). I ________________ (go) and visit her.

24. Great changes ________________ (take) place at the end of the 1980s.

25. Great changes ________________ (take) place since the end of the 1980s.

26. Great changes ________________ (take) place by the end of the 1980s.

27. When I last saw her, she ________________ (read) Harry Potter.

28. When the meeting ________________ (begin)，please e and take some notes. I think you know when the meeting ________________ (begin)．

第6节

Ⅰ.1. D　根据问句：你想当什么？可知时态为一般将来时态，故答案选D。

2. A　根据标志词every night及意识到句中will表示一种习惯性动作，故使用一般现在时态。

3. D　nothing与do之间为被动关系，只能选B、D；主句用一般将来时态可知，条件状语从句使用一般现在时态表示将来。故答案选D。

4. C　根据标志词for the last three days用现在完成时态，故答案选C。

5. B　根据语境，没去听课，是因为“在”做作业，用进行时。时间状语是“yesterday afternoon”所以用过去进行时态，故答案选B。

6. C　根据标志词over the past years应使用现在完成时态。

7. B　句意：你认为父母会迟到吗？故答案选B。

8. B　根据Hurry up！可知，Mark和Carol正在等我们。故选B，现在进行时态。

9. C　applicants与interview之间为被动关系，用被动语态；且句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时态。故答案选C。

10. C　句意：我们会很早离开，所以我们前一天晚上就打好包了，故使用过去进行时表过去将来的动作。故答案选C。

11. C　主句用一般将来时态，从句应使用一般现在时态，故答案选C。

12. A　句意：第一次见到Bryan时我不喜欢他，但现在我已经改变我的想法了。

13. D　句意：我那天本要去看你，但我不得不打电话取消， e的过去进行时态表过去将来。

14. B　句意：“卖”用sold，一般过去时， “拥有”是 “卖”之前的事，故用过去完成时态。

15. B　句意：我们充满信心……，证明此事还未发生，故使用一般将来时态，故答案选B。

16. B　句意：我认为我不会喜欢这部**，而实际上这是部相当好的**。根据上下时态一致，用一般过去时态陈述过去的事实。

17. C　句意：——我们太晚了，火车已经离开。——没关系，我们可以赶下一趟火车去伦敦。“已经离开”用现在完成时。

18. B　as well as之前的musician为句子主语， 对应谓语使用单数；再根据标志性词语at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知应使用一般过去时态。故答案选B。

19. D　根据标志词over the last three years 可知答案为D。

20. A　主语为motivation，故谓语为单数；根据语境及generally可知，描述的为一般情况，故使用一般现在时态，故答案选A。

21. A　句意为：——明天早上我可以用下你的车吗？——当然。我那时将会在家写报告。将来进行时态，表示将来的某一时间段正在发生的动作。故答案选A。

22. A　句意：我们昨天的自驾旅行是一次颠簸的旅行。故选一般过去时态。

23. A　根据标志词on Monday mornings，usually可以判断应用一般现在时态。故答案选A。

24. C　固定句型：was/ were doing sth. when…意为：正在做某事的时候，突然……。故答案选C，表示这一动作在过去一直在进行。

25. D　句意：快点，校车正在等我们。用现在进行时态，故答案选D。

26. D　句意：暂时断水了，因为工人在修一个主管道。根据句意，选现在进行时态。

27. B　根据标志词during the last three decades，用现在完成时态，故答案选B。

28. B　根据上下时态一致原则，and前后都应使用一般过去时态。

29. A　句意：《仲夏夜之梦》于6月19日在皇家剧院首映，然后在苏格兰各地巡回演出。根据上下时态一致原则，and前后时态一致，根据tours可知，and后也用一般现在时态。open在句中表示开演，用主动。

30. A　句中the other day为标志词，应用一般过去时。

31. D　第一空in a few days几天后用于一般将来时。第二空时刻表的动作用一般现在时表示将来。所以选D。

32. C　句意：鞋子质量好而且穿得久(耐穿)。事物的特征用一般现在时态的主动语态，所以选C。

33. B　yesterday afternoon为一般过去时的标志词，所以选B。

34. C　over the past (last) decades 为现在完成时的标志词，所以只有C正确。

35. C　根据上下文“我不知道他修好没有”，所以选过去进行时表示“昨天他在修自行车”。

36. B　根据上下文“两个公司之间已达成协议”，用完成时表示“已经”。另外，主句是一般过去时。所以从句相应用过去完成时。

37. A　根据上下文，老师现在已经搬回中国了，生活在美国是过去的经历，用一般过去时态。故答案选A。

38. C　when he was young是具体的过去时间，所以用一般过去时态。故答案选C。

39. A　根据上下文，“当我到商店的时候，他正把东西放进口袋”，所以用过去进行时态，故答案选A。

40. D　第一空是说第一眼没认出来(后来认出来了)，所以用一般过去时，第二空是倒装句，需要助动词，因为这句话完整的是：I didn't recognize you either，用倒装句是Nor did I。故答案选D。

41. B　根据上下文，“我用了(电子字典)”，是对话之前的动作，用一般过去时态。故答案选B。

42. B　根据上下文“烟花爆竹在生产，储存和运输过程中频出事故”，过程中用进行时态表示，只有B正确。

43. A　根据上下文“好的，我就说”，e, go, leave, move等表位移的动词用进行时表示将来，所以选A。

44. D　根据since句型，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。根据下文，“没有找到”，所以强调“一直在找”。所以选D。

45. B　根据上下文，“今天的大雨和大风”，用现在时。be expected to do“有望做……”，所以选B。

46. A　根据上下文，两个谓语动词并列，时态保持一致，gave为一般过去时，所以选A。

47. B　根据上下文“几年前，没人会想象它们在市场上所起的作用”，想象的是未来的事情，两者结合所以用过去将来时。were to do表示过去将来时。

48. A　根据上下文“哦，是的。我就去把它关了”，说话者表示临时的决定，用will do。be going to do表示计划好的事情。所以选A。

49. A　in the past(last) twenty years为现在完成时态的标志，根据下文，“没人知道什么时候再恢复增长”，时间状语从句中regains用现在时表示将来，所以第二空用一般将来时。所以A正确。

50. D　根据标志词for some time可知用完成时态，根据上文“消息传来，我一点不奇怪”，可见在消息传来之前就已经知道了。根据came一般过去时，选择过去完成时。

Ⅱ.1. will be produced　2. invite　3. force　4. killed　5. indicates　6. is pared　7. have been polluted　8. makes　9. is being broadcast　10. introduced　11. has risen　12. has not been heard of　13. has been rising　14.happened　15. is going to visit/will visit　16. had been sold　17. missed　18. had seen　19. thought　20. has been　21. has grown　22. will be being used　23. didn't know; will go　24. took　25. have taken　26. had taken　27. was reading　28. begins; will begin

一．非谓语动词

一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前

二）不定式常考的考点：

1）不定式做定语----将要发生

2）不定式做状语----目的

3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；

+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）

" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET

1995）

A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.

二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词 seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式：I don't like you smoking.

完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式：This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)

forgot remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法：

我宁愿在这里等。

3 分词：

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

现在分词的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)

2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)

3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)

过去分词

1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.

2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)

这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二：虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用"情态动词＋have ＋done"结构表示对过去动作的推测，高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 "对立统一"来概括。

1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有：

must have done：

表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作"一定做了……"，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't／couldn't have done?

疑问式为Can／Could...have done？。

could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作"可能做了……"。如：

1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he

＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ?(上海 2000)

A． couldn't have attended

B． needn't have attended

C． mustn't have attended

D． shouldn't have attended

本题选A。

2) Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海'97

A． mustn't have arrived

B． shouldn't have arrived

C． can't have arrived

D． need not have arrived （C）

2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有：

should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。

虚拟语气

" 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）

本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"（而现在却还没有……）

（本来可以……，本来能……）

一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由于他们的含义中包含"建议，假设，应该"这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形

主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况

important; necessary; essential

It's natural ; strange; incredible that

a pity; a shame; no wonder

? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should

" 表达与事实相反

1. 与现在相反：使用[过去时]：

I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)

Suppose we were not here.

He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)

Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)

If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)

What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)

常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…

这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。

2. 与过去相反：过去完成时；

3. 与将来相反？将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测且实现可能很小

I wish he could not smoke any more.

不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。

" 虚拟条件句

o if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）

o 主句部分，这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/should。

o 注意：两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。

" 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。

" 隐含的非真实条件 :由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or

How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.

But for the storm, we would have arrived.

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1． 主谓一致（与插入语无关）

1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致：

3随前一致：

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则：n1 or n2 +v（就近原则）

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有：law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.（由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致：

a）There be +n 由名词决定动词

b）Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：

Among / Between …+系动词+n. （由名词决定动词）

9The+adj的主谓一致：

a）当表示"一类人"，

b）当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

二)、倒装

1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：Up went the plane = the plane went up.

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

注意：1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候，不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.

3） 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，引起倒装

*typical of characteristic of

*coinciding with + n

4） 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词为系动词，一定引起倒装

In…（表语）+系动词+主，主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装：among between in at beneath

常考的系动词：be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1． 否定 adv 位于句首，引起倒装：not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,

seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1） not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装，not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2） only+状语位于句首

only +ad. eg: recently

prep.短短语 eg: in recently years

从句 eg: when clause

only一个词本身不倒装

3） 在比较级结构中，than后面可以倒装，也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定，产生倒装，一般主动词提前，谓语动词的其他部分就

4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

as〔让步〕虽然，尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功，却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意：A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5) 其他部分倒装

a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.

c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.

四、复合句

从句可分为：

? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

? 形容词性从句'定语从句

? 副词性从句'状语从句

" 常考的关系代词：that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。

" 常见的同位语从句现行词（that之前的抽象名词）：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

" 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句：while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

o 地点状语从句：where; wherever

o 原因状语从句：because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句：as; as if; as though; how; save that…

o 比较状语从句：as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

o 结果状语从句：so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

o 条件状语从句：if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that…

o 让步状语从句：though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句：that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…

定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1）which是关系代词，which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子，

在这个句子中，which要作成分，作主语或者宾语

2）in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作后面句子的主语

3）名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以后面直接跟谓语动词

I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

4）介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

The key with which to open the door is lost.

5）定语从句的省略结构：

1． 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语，可以省略.

sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

→s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时，若发现两个名词在一起，但是似乎连不上，则一定省略that /

which，则动词为vt，做谓语。

6）定从的特殊省略

the way (in which) + 句子

the reason (why that)+句子 均为完整句

the time (that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.

By the time省that+句子，句子。

7）定从的主系省略（主+系可同时省）

即：which be , who be , that be可同时省

状语从句省略结构

这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件：

第一、特定的状语从句引导词：although though even though when while if as

第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致；

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词，主语和be动词同进同出，比如上面的they和are要么同时省略，要么同时保留。

高考英语插入语及插入句的用法

在NMET中，插入语屡见不鲜，由于插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，因此给考生的理解带来一定困难。插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开，用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

一、常用做插入语的副词

indeed的确， surely无疑， however然而， obviously显然， frankly坦率地说， naturally自然， luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸运， fortunately幸好， strangely奇怪， hone stly真的， briefly简单地说等。

1. Surely， she won?t go to China Telecom with you.

当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。

2. Strangely， he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely， he has not called me.

奇怪，他未来过中国联通。更奇怪，他没给我打电话。

3. Fortunately， I found the book that I?d lost.

幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。

二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语

true真的， funny真可笑， strange to say说也奇怪， needless to say不用说， most impor tant of all最为重要， worse still更糟糕的等。

1. Strange to say (或True)， he should have done such a thing.

说也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出这样的事。

2. Most important of all， you each over?fulfilled your own task.

更为重要的，你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。

三、常用作插入语的介词短语

in a few words(或in sum， in short)简而言之， in other words换句话说， in a sense在某种意义上， in general一般说来， in my view在我看来， in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断)， in conclusion总之， in summary概括地说， in fact事实上， in the first place首先， in addition此外， of course当然， to our knowledge据我们所知， to my joy(delight， satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的， to their surprise(astonis hment， amazement)使他们惊奇的， to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的， for instance(或example)例如， as a matter of fact事实上等。