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高考英语语态_英语高考时态和语态
tamoadmin 2024-05-24 人已围观
简介1.英语中被动语态的用法?2.高考英语语法有几大考点啊?3.高中英语:高考英语常考60个句型+例句4.高考英语语法题目类型和分布重点5.高考英语语法考点总结6.急求“高中英语语法时态(过去、现在、将来)的结构、用法及练习题,能提供历年高考相关的题更好!!!7.高考英语语法的考点都有哪些英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。一般过去时
1.英语中被动语态的用法?
2.高考英语语法有几大考点啊?
3.高中英语:高考英语常考60个句型+例句
4.高考英语语法题目类型和分布重点
5.高考英语语法考点总结
6.急求“高中英语语法时态(过去、现在、将来)的结构、用法及练习题,能提供历年高考相关的题更好!!!
7.高考英语语法的考点都有哪些
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
一般过去时 Ved (谓语动词用过去式)
一般将来时 Be going to + V / Will + V
过去将来时 Be的过去时 going to +V/ Would +V
现在进行时 Be +doing
过去进行时 was/were doing/ was /were not doing
将来进行时 Will +be+doing/ will not be doing
现在完成时 have +done/ have not done
过去完成时 Had+done/ had not done
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing/ have has not been doing
过去完成进行时 had been doing/ had not been doing 1. 一般现在时
用法:
A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B) 习惯用语。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人。)
D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。
E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)
How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)
F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事 情。
例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)
2. 现在进行时(be doing)
用法:现在正在进行的动作。
3. 现在完成时(have done)
用法:
A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell
答案是C) haven't sold。
B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。
C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)
注意事项
A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词)
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。
例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)
4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)
用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)
注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。
例:1997年6月四级第45题
It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A) had leaked B) is leaking
C) leaked D) has been leaking
从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。
5. 一般过去时
用法:
A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时。
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)
C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)
Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)
注意事项:
A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经",要求加动词原形;后者表示"习惯于",要求加名词或动名词。
6. 过去完成时(had done)
用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。
Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.
A) didn't hear C) hasn't heard B) hasn't been hearing D) hadn't heard
全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中:A) didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B) hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C) hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。
注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)
分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在"开门"和"注意"这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。
7. 过去将来时(would/ should do)
用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)
注意事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。
8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)
用法:
A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)
B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)
注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。
9. 一般将来时
用法:
A) 基本结构是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)
B) 有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)
C) 表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)
D) 表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)
E) "be to do"的5种用法:
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)
b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)
c) 能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
A. will be attended B. will be attended to
C. is attended D. is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.
A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)
例:1999年6月四级第65题
I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
注意事项:
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)
10. 将来进行时(will be doing)
用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考"一般将来时"和"现在进行时"的有关注意事项。
11. 将来完成时(will have done)
用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
例:1997年1月四级第22题
The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A) must have lasted B) will have lasted
C) would last D) has lasted
本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B) will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C) would last错误。因为D) has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。
12)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing ,will have been doing
例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)
13)过去完成进行时:had been doing
例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态)
14) 过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing
例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)
15) 过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done
例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)
16) 过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)
英语中被动语态的用法?
系动词
系动词又称联系动词,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(也称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell illyesterday.
(fall是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况
He fell off theladder.
(fall是实义动词,单独作谓语。)
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher.
(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always keptsilent at meeting.
This matter restsa mystery.
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired.
He seems (to be)very sad.
4)感官系动词
主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of clothfeels very soft.
This flower smellsvery sweet.
5)变化系动词
表示主语变成什么样,有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,run
He became madafter that.
She grew richwithin a short time.
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor provedfalse.
The search proveddifficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turnedout a success. (turn out表终止性结果)
I、常见系动词错误及其成因:
(1)漏掉系动词
I afraid he won'tcome tomorrow .
( 2 )误用系动词
His hair changedgrey .(混淆了change 与turn,grow)
I.系动词分类:
一、根据系动词后所跟结构,分为两大类:完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look)
He looked sad atthe news.
(“看起来”,系动词用法)
He looks at aclever boy.
(“看着”,实义动词用法)
在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义动词用法,又有系动词用法。常见的有:
listen, look ,touch ,hear,see ,sound ,feel, taste ,remain ,keep,stay, turn,become
二、根据系动词的意义,分为四类:
A.五大感官系动词 B.状态系动词
C.动态系动词 D.双谓语系动词
A.五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词
1.look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。
The girl bit herlips and looked thoughtful.
2.smell“闻起来”,后接adj.,分词。
The flowers smellsweet.
3.sound“听起来”,后接adj.,分词。
The music soundssweet.
4.taste“尝起来”,后接adj.,分词。
The apples tastevery good.
5.feel①“摸起来,给……感觉”;②“觉得”,后接adj
The silk feelsvery soft.
You will feelbetter after a night’s sleep.
B.状态系动词:
1.be,“是”,完全系动词。
I am a student.
2.seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。
They seem quitehappy.
3.appear,“显得,看起来好像”,半系动词。
He appeared tiredand sleepy.
It appeared(tobe)a true story.
Now it appears tome that he may play an important part in settling the problem. (在我看来)
4.keep, “保持……的状态”,半系动词,后接adj或介词短语。
You’d better go to bed and keep warm.
5.remain,“仍是”,半系动词。
I remained silent.
6.stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接adj.、过去分词。
The window stayedopen all the night.
7.prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.,n.
The treatmentproved to be successful.
C.动态系动词:都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。
1.get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。
The days aregetting longer and longer.
The train didn’t get going again.
It’s nothing to get excited about.
My watch gets outof order.
2.fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词:
asleep, silent,ill, sick
The old man,unable to express himself, fell silent.
My father fell illand died.
3.grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得”
You will grow usedto it.
It’s growing warm.
4.turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质),变质(色)”。
Maple trees turnred in autumn.
It was cloudy thismorning, but fortunately it has turned fine.
He has turnedwriter.
(注意:此时writer之前无冠词a.)
5.go,“变成(某种坏的状态)”
The telephone hasgone dead.
The material hasgone a funny colour. (奇怪)
go之后常接的adj. 还有:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry,mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey
6.become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情况)”
He became angrywith me.
It became dark.
They became goodfriends.
I becameinterested in drawing.
7.come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实为”,后接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化。
His wish to becomea pilot has come true.
If you look intothe matter, everything will come clear.
My shoelaces havecome undone.
后面常接的形容词还有:apart, dear(昂贵),natural,open, untied(松开)。
8.run,“变成”,后接adj.
The well has rundry.
The price ranhigh.
9.make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],如sure, certain, merry, bold, free
We must makecertain of facts.
我们一定要弄清事实。
The Children makefree with the apples.
孩子们随便吃苹果。
D.双谓语系动词
此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如:
The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。
She stopped andstood quite still.
The book lay openon the table.
The snow lay thickon the ground.
He marriedyoung.
The window blew open.
III.系动词用法应注意的八个问题
1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论
一般,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。但在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:
(1)表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:
He is being kind.
他装出和蔼可亲的样子(一时而不能持久的性质)
(2)表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如:
I hope you arekeeping well.
(语气委婉)
Are you feelingany better?
(语气亲切)
试比较:
Your hand feelscold.
你的手摸起来冰凉(无意识的静态性质)
不可以说:
Your hand isfeeling cold.(×)
The doctor isfeeling her pulse.
医生正在给她把脉(有意识的动态动作)
The soup tastesgood.
这汤的味道不错(静态性质,无进行时)
The cook istasting the soup.厨师在尝汤的味道。(动态动作,有进行时)
总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。以smell为例
①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。
The camels cansmell the water a mile off.
骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。
②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。
The girl issmelling the flower.
③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。
The dinner smellsgood.
2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题
某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。
He is growingtaller and taller.
Our life isgetting better and better.
The things aregetting worse.
3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论
某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态
不能说: The apple is tasted good.
(因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)
但可以说: The apple is tasted by me.
(taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)
因此要注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法
4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题
某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”直接连用
①不能说:
He has become ateacher for 2 years.
应改为:
He has been ateacher for 2 years.
②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.
应改为:He has been a write since 3 years ago.
或It is two years since he turned writer.
③不能说:He got angry until his child came backhome.
应改为:He didn’t getangry until his child came back home.
5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)
系动词除了接adj.\n.\介词短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:
①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look,smell,sound,feel;appear(显得),seem(似乎)
It looks as if weare going to have snow.
He looked as if hehad just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.
It seems as if it werespring already.
②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look
It seemed that hehad made some serious mistakes in his work.
It appeared thathe was talking to himself.
③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.
Her job is to lookafter the children.
He looks to be ayoung girl of twenty.
④能与there连用的系动词有:be,appear, seem.
There appeared tobe only one room.
There seems(tobe)no need to go.
6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.
It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.
= It seems that wecan’t get our money back.
He seems not to beher father.
= He doesn’t seem to be her father.
The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.
= The baby appearsnot to be awake.
7、几组易混系动词的区别
系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较,一是其意义,二是其结构。
1)get, become, go, turn, grow“变成”
get:“变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语,但不能与名词直接连用。
become:“变成,成为(好坏情况均可)。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语,不能与不定式连用。
go:“变成(某种由好到坏的情况)”,后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语。
Turn:“转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化,如变质、变色等。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语,后不接不定式。
grow:“逐渐变得……”,强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式,不可直接跟名词。
2)look, seem, appear“好像”
三者作系动词时在意义上的区别:
look:“好像,看起来”,一般用于非正式场合,侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。
seem :“似乎,好像”,指说话人内心的估计与判断,有一定依据,接近于实际情况。
appear:“显得,好像”,常用于正式文体中,指某事物或人给他人的表面印象,有时含有实质上并非如此之意。
He looks like hisfather. (指其长相看起来相像)
He seems like hisfather. (指说话人从个性方面得到的判断)
He appears likehis father.(指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象)
3)keep, remain, stay“保持……状态”
①keep作系动词时,“保持……状态”,后接adj.或介词短语:alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy
Have you kept wellall these years?
I hope it willkeep fine.
In order to keepfit, all students go in for sports.
We’d better keep in touch.
②remain,系动词“仍然存在……状态”,后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语,强调某种状态前后无变化。
The door remainedclosed.
门仍然关着。
Your room remainslike this.
你的房间依旧是这样子。
③stay,作系动词用时“保持……状态”,后接形容词、分词。
That fellow stayedsingle.
那个小伙子仍保持单身。
It’s easy to stay hidden.
躲起来很容易。
后常接的形容词有:calm, clean, fresh, healthy, young, open,awake, warm, fine, 常可与keep互换。如:
Stay/keepcalm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)
①What you have said_______.
A.is soundedinteresting
B.soundsinteresting
C.soundinterested
D.listensinterested
②The class begins. Please keep________.
A.silent B.silence
C.the silence D.silently
③Look! Several people in the crowdseemed_______.
A.to be fighting B.to havefought
C.being fought D.havingfought
④How _____the song she sings sounds! I havenever ______a better voice.
A.beautifully, sounded
B.beautiful, sounded
C.sweet, listened to
D.sweet, heard
⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______ratherstrange.
A.is looked B.is seemed
C.seems D.isappeared
⑥John _____driver since two months ago.
A.became a B.has becomea
C.has turned D.has been a
⑦The ice_____ thick on the river.
A.is lain
B.lay
C.laid
D.lie
高考英语语法有几大考点啊?
一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如:Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如:Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3为了使语气婉转,避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态,或由于修饰的需要,使用被动语态,使句子得以更好的安排。 如:The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done 可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中,done可以带by短语,而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带 by短语。 如:The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care . (被动语态) The job was well done. (系表结构) The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态) 2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by,通常是被动语态。 如:I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作) The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态) I was frightened by his ghost story. She was frightened at the sight of a snake. 三. 不同形式的被动语态 1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构,变为被动时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。 如:He showed me his pictures. I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for me by aunt. He sent me a birthday present. I was sent a birthday present by him. A birthday present was sent to me by him. 2含有复合宾语的主动句,宾补不变。 (1) 将宾语变为主语,宾补不变。 如:They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi. He left the door open. The door war left open by him. (2) make, let, have,hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to,变为被动,必须加to . 如:My brother often made me do this and that when I was young. I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young. I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away the magazine? 3. 情态动词的被动语态。是由情态V+be+p.p.构成 如:They can not find him. He can not be found. You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. He can repair your watch. Your watch can be repaired. 4. 短语V的被动语态 一般来讲,只有及物V才有被动语态,因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词,相当与及物动词,可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态,但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时,不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有:look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make ues of,etc. 如:They had put out the fire before the fire--brigade arrived. The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. They will set up a new public school here. A new public school will be set up here. 5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。. 如:The goods sells well. The door can't open. 6.有些词如want,need,require和 be worth后面,v-ing形式为主动,意义为被动。 如:The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. The book is worth reading. 7.主动语态中的宾语是从句,变成被动时使用形式替代词it. 如:We know that Britain is an island country. It's known that Britain is an island country. The teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages It's said that this book has been franslated into several languages 8. 宾语为反身代词,相互代词及虚词it时,不用被动,只用主动。 如:I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 9. 谓语动词是以下时,无被动。 happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last(延长),cost(花费) break out(爆发)appear, burst out(迸发),hold(容纳),lack(缺乏),agree with(同意). 10. 据说类动词:say,consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc. 如:It is said that… There is said to be… Sth./Sb. is said to… 11.主动形式表被动 ① 感官动词:sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时; ② 一些vi主动形式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. ③不定式to blame,to let(出租)作表语时,主动形式表被动含义 ④表(sth)需要的need ,want,require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义 ⑤be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义
转自:<a href=' 高考招生网</a>
高中英语:高考英语常考60个句型+例句
语法无非就考时态,语态,从句,非谓语动词。
一,时态方面,要区分什么时候用过去时,什么时候用完成时,还有过去完成时,这三个的用法往往都会混淆,所以经常考这个。辨别什么时候用这三个的哪一个,要看句子里面的时间标志词,画出句子中所有动作的时间轴,就很好做了。
二,语态方面,什么时候用被动语态,判断这个需要找动作发出者,而不是光看句子主语,要用自己逻辑判断,别被句子的主语迷惑。虚拟语态虽然有学,但不是重点考核对象,很少出。
三,从句。从句太多种多样了,高中的从句,定语从句是重点。一般考引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词,还有定语里面的介词,是放在前面还是后面,这个也是常考的。
四,非谓语动词
1 现在分词的用法,做状语,做定语,要区分(注意,做主语那些动词ing叫动名词,不属于非谓语动词范畴)
2 过去分词用法,同上。
3 动词不定式,带to的和不带to的,动词不定式里加入时态和语态变化,也要注意,这是常考的点。
最后,关于做语法题,有几点很好用的提醒,以前我们老师常说。这里分享一下。
情态动词后面接动词“原形”
to不定式后面接动词“原形”
be动词后面接动词ing
很弱智吧,但是就算是高手,也会犯这些低级错误,往往就是顾着想其他方向而忽略这些最基本的东西。这也说明了一个问题,做语法题一定要注意各种细节。
以上。
高考英语语法题目类型和分布重点
高中英语:高考英语常考60个句型+例句
高中英语入门超级重要的60个句型,附有例句,不爱记语法理论的同学,一定要多背自己不熟悉的句式。
1. as…as?和……一样
中间必须用形容词或副词原级。例如:
This classroom is as big as that one.
这间教室和那间一样大。
He runs as fast as Tom.?
他和汤姆跑的一样快。
否定结构:not as/so…as,“不如……”。上面的两个句子可分别改为:
This classroom is not as/so large as that one.
这间教室不如那间大。
He doesn’t run as/so fast as Tom.
他跑得不如汤姆快。
2. as soon as 一……就……
用来引导时间状语从句。若主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时。例如:
I’ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him.
我一看到他就告诉他这个计划。
He’ll go home as soon as he finishes his work.
他一完成工作就回家。
3. be busy/enjoy/hate/go on/finish doing sth. 忙于/喜欢/讨厌/继续/完成做某事
在enjoy, finish, hate, go on, be busy等词语后,一般用动词-ing形式作宾语。例如:
Lin Tao is busy making a model plane.
林涛正忙着做飞机模型。
My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper.
我妈妈喜欢晚饭后散步。
I hate watching Channel Five.
我讨厌看五频道。
When someone asked him to have a rest, he just went on working.
当有人让他休息一会儿时,他仍继续工作。
I have finished writing the story.
我已经写完了故事。
4. fill…with 用……装满......;be filled with 充满了……;be full of 充满了......
①be filled with 说明由外界事物造成的此种状态,表示被动。例如:
The box is filled with food.
盒子里装满了食物。
②be full of说明主语处于的状态。此外,还可表示程度,意为“非常”。例如:
The patient’s room is full of flowers.
那个病人的房间摆满了花。
The young man is full of pride.
那个年轻人非常骄傲。
③这两种结构还可以相互改写。例如:
I fill the box with food. The box is full of food.
5. be good/bad for 有利于/有害于……
此句型是:be+adj.+for+n.结构。例如:
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
做早操对你的健康有益。
Always playing computer games is bad for your study.
总玩电脑游戏对你的学习不利。
6. be used to(doing) sth. 习惯于……
后必须接名词或动名词,可用于现在、过去、将来的多种时态。be 可用get,become来代替。例如:
He is used to life in the country.(He is used to living in the country.)
他习惯于乡村生活。
He will get used to getting up early.
他将会习惯于早起。
注意:be used to do 的意思是“被用来做……”。例如:
Wood is used to make paper.
木材被用来造纸。
7. both…and…两者都……
用来连接两个并列成分;当连接两个并列主语时,其后谓语动词用复数。例如:
Both the students and the teachers will go to the History Museum tomorrow.
不论老师还是学生明天都会去历史博物馆。
8. can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
help在此的意思是“抑制,忍住”,其后接动词-ing形式。例如:
His joke is too funny. We can’t help laughing.
他的笑话太有趣了,我们禁不止笑了起来。
9. sth. costs sb. some money 某物花费某人多少钱
此句型的主语是物。cost一词带的是双宾语,它的过去式、过去分词和原型一样。
This book cost me five yuan.
这本书花了我五元钱。
10. either…or… 不是……就是……,或者……或者……
用来连接两个并列成分,当连接并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。
You may either stay here or go home.
你可以呆在这儿,也可以回家。
Either she or I am right. = Either I or she is right.
不是她对就是我对。
11. enough (for sb.) to do sth. 足够……做……
在此结构中,for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:
The ice isn’t thick enough for you to walk on.
这冰还没有厚到你可以在上面走的程度。
12. feel like doing sth. 想要做……
此处like为介词,后面跟动词-ing形式。此句型与would like to do sth.同义。例如:
I feel like drinking a cup of milk.
我想喝一杯牛奶。
13. feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth. 认为某事……
在此结构中it为形式宾语,不定式短语作真正的宾语。例如:
I find it very interesting to play football.
我发现踢足球很有趣。
She thinks it her duty to help us.
她认为帮助我们是她的职责。
14. get ready for sth./to do sth.
get ready for sth.意为“为某事做准备”;get ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事”例如:
We are getting ready for the meeting.
我们正在为会议做准备。
They were getting ready to have a sports meet at that moment.
他们那时正准备开运动会。
15. get/receive/have a letter from 收到……的来信,相当于hear from
Did you receive a letter from John?
你收到约翰的来信了吗?
I got a letter from my brother yesterday.
我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封来信。
16. had better (not) do sth. 最好(别)做某事
had better为情态动词,其后需用动词原形。had better常用缩写,变成’d better,其否定形式是在其后直接加not。例如:
We had better go now. = We’d better go now.
我们最好现在走吧。
You’d better not go out because it is windy.
今天刮风,你最好别出去了。
17. have sth. done 使(某事)完成 (动作由别人完成)
sth.为宾语,done为过去分词作补语。例如:
We had the machine repaired.
我们请人把机器修好了。
注意区分:We have repaired the machine. 我们(自己)已经修好了机器。
18. help sb. (to) do sth./with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事,其中的to可以省略。例如:
I often help my mother with housework.
我常常帮助妈妈做家务。
Would you please help me (to) look up these words?
请你帮助我查查这些词好吗?
19. How do you like……? 你认为……怎么样?与what do you think of …?同义。例如:
How do you like the weather in Beijing?
你认为北京的天气怎么样? 你觉得这部新**如何?
20. I don’t think/believe that… 我认我/相信……不……
其中的not是对宾语从句进行否定而不是对主句否定(否定前移)。that可省略。例如:
I don’t think it will rain.
我认为天不会下雨。
I don’t believe the girl will come.
我相信那女孩不会来了。
21. It happens that… 碰巧…… 相当于happen to do,例如:
It happened that I heard their secret.
可改写为:I happened to hear their secret
我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。
22. It’s/has been +一段时间+since从句 自从某时起做某件事情已经一段时间了
该句型中since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如:
It’s twenty years since he came here.
他来这里已经20年了。
It has been six years since he married Mary.
他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。
23. It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……
It是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式to do sth。例如:
It’s not easy for us to study English well.
对我们来说学好英语并不容易。
It’s a good idea for us to travel to the south.
去南方旅行对我们来说是个好主意。
24. It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.
It是形式主语,to do sth.是真正的主语, 当表语(即形容词)能对逻辑主语描述时,常用介词of,而不用for。例如:
It’s very polite of you to give your seat to old people.
你给老人让座,非常有礼貌。
25. It seems/appears (to sb) that… (在某人看来)好像……
此句中的it是主语,that引导的是表语从句。例如:
It seems that he is lying.?
看样子他好像是在撒谎。
It appears to me that he never smiles.?
在我看来,他从来没有笑过。
26. It is +数词+metres/kilometers long/wide… ……是多少米(公里)长(宽)
用来表示物体的长(宽,高),如数词大于一,名词要用复数。例如:
It is 20 metres long from this end to that end.?
从这端到那端有二十米长。
27. It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人干某事的时候了
it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth. 例如:
It’s time for the child to go to bed.
孩子该睡觉了。
比较下面两种结构:
① It’s time for + n. 例如:
It’s time for school.
②It’s time to do sth. 例如:
It’s time to go to school.
28. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事
it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth。例如:
It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from here.
从这儿走着到公交车站将花费她15分钟。
It took the old man three days to finish the work.
那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。
29. keep (on) doing sth. 一直坚持做某事
keep doing sth.一般用于静态动词。keep on doing sth.意为“继续不停地做某事”,一般用于动态动词,但二者的区别并不是很严格,有时可以互换。例如:
Don’t keep on doing such foolish things.
不要再做这样的傻事了。
He kept sitting there all day.
他整天坐在那里。
30. keep…from doing sth. 阻止......做某事
相当于stop…from doing sth., prevent…from doing sth. 在主动句中,stop和prevent后面的from可以省略,但在被动结构中,from不可以省略。例如:
Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.
请别让孩子到海里游泳。
The big noise outside my room stopped me from doing my homework.
屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作业。
31. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
不可和keep sb.from doing sth.结构混淆。例如:
Why do you keep me waiting for a long time?
你为什么让我等了很长时间?
32. make sb. do sth. 使某人干某事
make意为“使”时,其后要有不带to的动词不定式。例如:
He made me work ten hours a day.?
他让我每天工作10小时。
注意:上句如改为被动语态,则work 前的to不能省略。例如:
I was made to work ten hours a day.
33. neither…nor… 既不……也不……
当连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语取得一致(就进一致原则)。例如:
Neither we nor Jack knows him.?
我们和杰克都不认识他。
He neither knows nor cares what happened.?
他对发生的事情不闻不问。
34. not…until… 直到……才......
until后可跟名词或从句,表示时间。例如:
He didn’t come until late in the evening.
他直到晚上很迟才来。
He didn’t arrive until the game began.?
直到比赛开始他才来。
35. sb. pays money for sth. 某人花钱买某物
此句型主语是人。例如:
I’ve already paid 2,000 yuan for the motor bike.?
我已经花了2000元买这辆摩托车。
36. spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 花费(时间、钱)在某事上/做某事
其中in可以省略,通常主语为“人”。例如:
I spent five yuan on this book.?
我在这本书上花了五元钱。
I spent two hours (in) doing my homework yesterday.
昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。
37. so…that… 太……以至于……
用于复合句,that引导的是结果状语从句。so是副词,后面应接形容词或副词,如果接名词,应用such。例如:
The ice is so thin that you can’t walk on it.?
冰太薄了,你不能在上面走。
He is such a kind man that we all like him.?
他是一个非常好的人,我们都很喜欢他。
38. stop to do sth., stop doing sth.
stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做另一件事”,stop doing sth.意为“停止正在做的事”例如:
You’re too tired. You’d better stop to have a rest.?
你们太累了,最好停下来休息一会儿。
The teacher is coming. Let’s stop talking.?
老师来了,咱们别说话了。
39. Thank you for doing sth. 感激你做了……
for之后除了加动名词doing外,还可以加名词。例如:
Thank you for giving me the present.?
谢谢你给我的礼物。
Thank you for your help. =Thank you for helping me.
谢谢你的帮助。
40. thanks to 多亏……,由于……
thanks后的s不能省略,to是介词。例如:
Thanks to my friend Jim, I’ve worked out this problem.?
多亏了我朋友吉姆的帮助,我已经解决了这个问题。
41. There be句型
①在此结构中,there是引导词,在句中不能充当任何成分,也不必翻译出来。句中的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语的数保持一致。例如:
There is a man at the door.?
门口有一个人。
当主语是由两个或者两者以上的名词充当时,谓语动词be要跟它邻近的那个名词的数一致(就近一致)。例如:
There are two dogs and a cat under the table.
桌下有两只狗和一只猫。
比较:There is a cat and two dogs under the table.
②There be 句型中的be不能用have来代替,但可以用lie(位于,躺),stand(矗立),exist(生存),live(生活)等词来替换。例如:
There stand a lot of tall buildings on both sides of the street.?
街道两旁矗立着许多高楼。
There lies lake in front of our school.
我们学校前面有一个湖。
Once there lived a king here.?
这儿曾经有一个国王。
There is going to be a sports meeting next week.?
下周准备开一个运动会。
there be 的拓展结构:there seem(s)/happen(s) to be…
There seems to be one mistake in spelling.
似乎有一处拼写错误。
There happened to be a ruler here.?
这儿碰巧有把尺子。
There seemed to be a lot of people there.?
那儿似乎有很多人。
42. The + adj.比较级, the + adj.比较级 越……,越……
此句型表示一方随另一方的变化而变化。例如:
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
他工作越努力,就感到越幸福。
The more, the better.?
多多益善。
43. too+adj./adv. +to do sth. 太……以至于不能…….
此句型为简单句,后面的to表示否定含义。例如:
The ice is too thin for you to walk on.?
这冰太薄,你不能在上面走。
The bag is too heavy to carry.?
这个袋子太重搬不动。
44. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
used to是情态动词,表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,因此只用于过去时态。例如:
He used to get up early.?
他过去总早起。
When I was yong, I used to play tennis very often.?
我年轻时经常打网球。
否定形式有两种:didn’t use to;used not to,例如:
He didn’t use to come. = He usedn’t to come.?
他过去不常来。
45. what about…? ……怎么样?
后面可接名词、代词、动名词等。与“how about…?”同义。例如:
We have been to Hainan. What about you?
我们去过海南,你呢?
What about going to the park on Sunday?
星期天去公园怎么样?
46. What day/date is it today? 今天星期几(几月几日)?
—What day is it today?
—Sunday.
—What date is it today?
—June 24th.
47. What’s wrong (the matter) with…? ……怎么了?
What’s wrong with you, Madam?
夫人,您怎么了?
You look worried. What’s wrong with you?
你看上去很焦急,出什么事了?
48. Why not do…? 为什么不做……?
谓语动词用原形。与Why don’t you do…?同义。例如:
Why not go to see the film with us?= Why don’t you go to see the film with us?
为什么不和我们一起去看**呢?
49. would like to do sth. 想做……
后用动词不定式作宾语。例如:
I would like to drink a cup of tea.
我想喝一杯茶。
疑问句式:Would you like (to drink) a cup of tea?
你想喝杯茶吗?
50. adj./adv.比较级 + and adj./adv.比较级 越来越......
若形容词/副词为双音节词及多音节词,则这一结构变为“more and more +形容词/副词”。例如:
It’s getting warmer and warmer.?
天气变得越来越暖和了。
The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.?
小女孩变得越来越漂亮了。
51. adj.比较级+than
than引导的是典型的比较级句型,表示“一者比另一者……”,其前用形容词或副词的比较级,than从句可以用省略形式。例如:
I know you better than she does.?
我比她更了解你。
This house is bigger than that one.?
这所房子比那所房子大。
52. though-从句
though引导的是让步状语从句,意思是“虽然……但是……”。但不能和but连用,英语中表达“虽然……,但是……”时,though和but只能用一个。例如:
Though it was snowing, it was not very cold.?
虽然下着雪,可并不太冷。
I was late for the last bus though I hurried.?
虽然我拼命赶路,还是没搭上最后一班公交车。
We didn’t feel tired though we walked a long way.?
虽然我们走了很长的路程,但是并没有感到累。
53. if-从句
If 引导的是条件状语从句,“如果;假如“。如主句用一般将来时,if从句要用一般现在时(主将从现)。例如:
If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow, would you like to come along?
如果明天我去长城,你会和我一起去吗?
If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go.?
如果明天下雨,我就不去了。
54. because-从句
引导原因状语从句,“因为”。例如:
He didn’t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio.?
他没有听见敲门声,因为他正在听收音机。
55. so + do/be + 主语
“So + be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语” 表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或物。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。例如:
He likes football and so do I.?
他喜欢足球,我也如此。
Jim was playing football just now and so was Tom.?
刚才吉姆在踢足球,汤姆也在踢足球。
比较:“So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”结构,是用来证实前一句所表达的内容(起强调作用)。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。
A: It is very hot today. 今天天气很热。
B: So it is. 确实如此。
56. not only…but also… 不但……而且……
常用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子。连接两个主语时,谓语动词要和紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:
She likes not only singing but also dancing.?
她不但喜欢唱歌,而且喜欢跳舞。
He is not only a good doctor but also a good father.?
他不但是个好医生而且是个好爸爸。
Not only I but also he is hoping to go there.?
不但我而且他也想去那儿。
57. prefer…to… 喜欢……胜过…...
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 意为“两者相比更喜欢(做)其中之一”。在此结构中,to是介词,接名词或动名词,结构中前后所跟成分一样。例如:
He prefers tea to coffee.?
茶与咖啡相比,他更喜欢茶。
He prefers doing shopping to going fishing.
购物与钓鱼相比,他更喜欢购物。
58. 感叹句型:What (a/an) + adj. + n. +主语+谓语! How + adj./adv.+ +主语+谓语!
What a clever boy (he is)! =How clever the boy is!?
这个男孩儿多聪明啊!
What a wonderful film we saw last night!?
昨天晚上我们看的**多精彩啊!
How lovely the weather is!?
天气多好啊!
How hard he works!?
他工作多么努力啊!
59. 祈使句型
祈使句型表示命令、请求、劝告等含义。说话的对象通常为第二人称,习惯上常省略。句末用句号或感叹号。肯定祈使句是:谓语动词用动词原形表示。否定祈使句是:在谓语动词前加do not(don’t)。例如:
Be here on time tomorrow.?
明天准时到这儿来。
Say it in English!
用英语说!
Don’t be afraid!
别怕!
Don’t look out of the window!
不要朝窗外看!
60. 并列句型
用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫并列句。连接并列句常用的连接词有:and, but, or, so, however, not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or…等。例如:
I help her and she helps me.
我帮助她,她帮助我。
He is very old but he is in good health.
他年纪很大了,但他身体很好。
We must hurry, or we’ll be late.
我们得赶快走,不然就晚了。
Kate does her work carefully, so she never makes any mistakes.
凯特工作很认真,从不出错。
高考英语语法考点总结
虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气的标准句式
2.标准句式与综错句式
3.条件句的省略倒装
4.虚拟语气的含蓄条件句
介词with, without, under, in, but for 等表示含蓄条件;
连词but, or, or else等表示含蓄条件;
副词otherwise, unfortunately等表示转折假设:
5.省略主句的虚拟语气结构if only
6.用于宾语从句的虚拟语气
that宾语从句需用(should)十动词原形表示虚拟的动词:
advise, recommend, propose, suggest, insist, move, urge, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, maintain, prefer, desire, vote that不可以省略;should可以省略:
以上动词的同词根名词在that同位语从句和表语从句的谓语需用(should)十动词原形
如:
insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity
以上动词的同词根形容词及分词在that主语从句的谓语需用(should)十动词原形,如:
advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent; advised, arranged, commanded, demanded desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested; essential, important, natural, necessary, possible, proper, strange
7.用于目的状语从句的虚拟语气 in case; in fear that; lest
8.用于方式状语从句的虚拟语气
9.常用的虚拟语气句式
1) it is high time
2) would rather
3)情态动词完成式可以表示责备、推测语气;
倒 装
全部倒装与部分倒装:
1.否定词语置于句首
never, no, neither, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respects, in no sense, in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner, in vain
2. only十状语置于句首
only加副词:only then,only once
only加介词短语:only at that time,only in this way,only by doing
only加状语从句:only because, only when
3.not only……but also……置于句首
4.so……that……状语、表语置于句首
5.than引导的比较状语从句(可以)
6.表语+系动词+主语
7.存在句
8.as引导的方式状语从句(可以)
主谓一致
常出现在主谓部分倒装结构中;常出现在主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他修饰结构的句子中;常出现关系代词作主语的定语从句中;
1.以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致
1学科名词2构词单复3专有名词
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高考英语语法的考点都有哪些
讲解和题目都有了,只是题目太长,经济年度高考题也有好几十条,粘不上来,要觉得好就给你邮箱
语法专项复习四:动词的时态和语态
动词的时态
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。
(一)一般现在时
1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other.
2. 表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy.
3. 表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。
(二)一般过去时
1. 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
2. 表示过去习惯性动作。例如: I used to do my homework in the library.
(三)一般将来时
1. 表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如:
I will/shall graduate next year.
2. 一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如:
Crops will die without water.
You won’t succeed without their support.
3. 几种替代形式:
(1) be going to+动词原形结构的用法
这种结构表示主体现在的意图,即打算在最近或将来要做某事。例如:
What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么?
此外, 这种结构也可表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物,此结构往往表示客观事态的发展,而不是表示主观的意图。例如:
Look at these black clouds. —It’s going to rain. 看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。
I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。
注:be going to与will用法上的异同及比较说明:
① be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语,后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。例如:
There’ll (=is going to) be a football match in our school next week.
下周我校将举行(有)一场足球赛。
② be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。例如:
I will (=am going to) climb the hill tomorrow. 我将于明天去登山。
注:一般来说,“意图”是事先经过考虑的,用be going to表示;反之则用will。will还多用于对话中,即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。例如:
They’re going to meet at the school gate. 他们打算在学校大门见面。
—- Please bring me a cup of tea. 请给我端杯茶来。
—I’ll do it in a minute. 我马上就去(端)。
③ be going to常含有“即将”之意;而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”,或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。例如:
We’re going to visit the factory. 我们即将去参观那家工厂。
He’ll write a book one day. 他有朝一日要写书。
The house will break down. 那屋子(迟早)要倒塌。
④ 表示预测:be going to表示有发生某事的迹象;will则表示说话者认为要发生某事。如:
It’s very dark and cold. It’s going to snow. 天很暗而且非常冷,要下雪了。
I’m sure he’ll be back in an hour. 我确信他一小时后会回来。
⑤ 在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时,常用will。例如:
Will you lend me the book? 你能把那本书借给我吗?
⑥ be going to可用于条件句,表示将来的时间,will一般不能。例如:
If you are going to watch TV this evening, you’d better finish your homework now.
你若想今晚看电视,最好现在就完成作业。
⑦ 如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态,主句中常用will,而条件从句中则用一般现在时表示。例如:
If you go to England, you will like the food there. 如果你去英国,你会喜欢那儿的食物的。
(2) be+动词不定式结构的用法
这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。如:
You are to be back by 11 o’clock. 你必须11点回来。
We are to meet at the zoo. 我们约定在动物园见面。
The football match is not to be played today. 今天不能举行足球比赛了。
(3) be about+动词不定式结构的用法
这种结构表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”, 不与具体时间状语连用。例如:
I was about to leave when Mary came. 我正要走时, 玛丽来了。
(4) be+v.-ing结构的用法
这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作,用进行时形式表示将来的时间,但只适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly (乘飞机)等,并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例如:
Where are you going this Saturday? 这个星期六你准备去哪儿?
Mr. Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning. 李先生明天早晨乘飞机去上海。
(5) 用一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法
这种用法除了动词be外,一般适用于表示位置转移的动词, 例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly等,或表示根据规定或时间表上预计要发生的动作或事态。 此外,在由if, when, as soon as, until, till, after, before等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,若主句为将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。例如:
I’m free this afternoon. 我今天下午有空。
School starts on September 1. 学校9月1日开学。
I’ll give the book to him as soon as he returns. 他一回来,我就把书给他。
(四)现在进行时
1. 表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
He is writing a letter now.
2. 有时用来代替一般现在时态,表示一个经常性动作或状态,这时是为了表示一种感情(如赞叹,厌烦,满意,不满等)。
He is always thinking of his work. (表示赞许)
The boy is always talking in class. (表示不满)
3. 有时用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有一个表示未来的时间状语)。
How many of you are coming to the party?
(五)现在完成时
1. 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如:
I have just finished my homework.
Mary has been ill for three days.
2. 完成时态可用在下列结构中:
(1) This (That, It) is (was) the first (second...) time +定语从句;
(2) This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;
(3) This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如:
This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
(六)过去进行时
过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如:
We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
(七)过去完成时
1. 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:
We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
2. 动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如:
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away.
另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事"的表达方式是:
(1) was / were + to have done sth. 例如:
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.
(2) intended/expected/hope/meant/planned/supposed/wished/wanted/desired+ to have done sth. 如:
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
3. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:
① hardly, scarcely, barely +过去完成时+ when +过去时。例如:
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
② no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如:
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
③ by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:
The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon.
(八) 一般过去将来时
1. 一般过去将来时的形式
should / would+ 动词原形 或 was / were + 动词-ing形式
2. 一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,其主语的谓语动词为过去时态,可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情,如:
He said that he would speak at the meeting.
He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy.
(九)现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远时候。现在完成进行时所用动词均为延续性动词。例如:
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven't found it.
注意:运用动词时态要注意的几个问题
1. 在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态,如:
We’ll give him the book if he wants it.
He decided to fight back if he was hit again.
I’ll call you as soon as I’ve finished my work.
2. 时态的一致(时态的呼应),如
We saw that the smoke was coming from a window.
I didn’t know if she would come.
He admitted that he had been on the march.
*不进行时态调整的情况:
(1) 从句说的是一种普遍真理,如:
Long ago, people didn’t know the earth moves round the sun.
(2) 当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会,如
Did he say that the train leaves at 5:30?
3. 瞬间动词在完成时态中的使用,如:
误:I have received her letter for three months.
正:I received her letter three months ago.
正:It is three months since I received her letter.
4. 注意某些要求一定时态的句型
* was/ were doing sth. when …did sth.
I was reading a book when the bell rang.
* was/were about to do sth. when … did sth.
She was about to go out when it started to rain
* 表示做事做了第几次或共几次,要用完成时态,如:
It’s the first time I’ve seen her.
We have been there three times.
* It is / has been… since…
It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.
* hardly…when…
We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain.
* no sooner…than…
No sooner had I come into the room than the door was closed.
高中语法主要有主谓一致、冠词、代词、连词、介词、动词短语、情态动词、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、动词、从句等。
高考英语语法考点
一、定语从考点
1.which引导的代表整个主句内容的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句时可代表主句内容,前面有逗号与主句隔开。
例句:The CCTV’s 2010 Entertainment Party was successfullyheld on the evening of February 13th,2010, which wasanother great encouragement to all the Chinese.中央电视台2010年春节文娱晚会于2010年2月13日晚成功举行,这对全体中国人民来说又是一个巨大的鼓舞。
2.特定词汇+of whom ,which引导的非限制性定语从句介词(包括复杂介词),数词(包括数量代词)及其它含局部与整体关系的特定词~E+of whom(指人)/which(指物)可以引导非限制性定语从句,此时前面不可加and,but等连词,该结构也可改为of whom /which+特定词汇引导定语从句。
例句:Our English teacher has three daughters,all of whom /ofwhom all are considerate.
我们的英语老师有三个女儿,个个都很善解人意
3.由when.where引导的先行词隐蔽度比较高的定语从句历年的高考考查实践表明,增加定语从句难度的手段之一是增加先行词的隐蔽度,如用point,case,situation等抽象的地点名词做先行词,当其在定语从句中做地点状语时用where引导定语从句的判断难度会增加,用occasion,period等表示抽象时间的名词做先行词,当其在定语从句中做时间状语时用when引导定语从句的判别难度也会增加。
例句:I’m sorry that I can’t think out a situation where thiskind of deion is used.
对不起我想不出这种描绘被使用的场合。
二、名词性从句考点
1.what引导的名词性从句
what可引导名词性从句,表示“. ·-的内容(人、时间、地点、价格、速度、方式等)”。The Great Wall of China is what I most want to visit.长城是我最想参观的地方。
2. that引导的同位语从句
that可引导同位语从句,说明被修饰名词的内容。
例句:Word hascome that the sports meeting will be put of.
有消息说运动会将被推迟。
3.whatever.whoever引导的名词性从句 whatever和whoever可引导名词Jl生从句,前者表示“无论什么 ,后者表示“不管谁 。
例句:You can give the book to whoever you think needs it.
你可以把这本书给任何你认为需要这本书的人。
4.whether,if引导的名词性从句
if只可引导宾语从句且不能和or not连用。whether可引导各种名词性从句且可和or not连用。
例句:When shall we discuss the question whether we will havea picnic next week?
我们什么时候讨论下周是否搞一次野餐的问题?
三、状语从句考点
1.where引导的地点状语从句
where可引导地点状语从句,表示“在..的地方 。0ur school lies where there is a small river.我们学校位于有一条小河的地方。
2.before引导的时间状语从句
before引导时间状语从句时可表示“在..之前,尚未来得及,趁 。
例句:Thenaughty boy had run away before I could call him tostop.
我还没有来得及叫住他,这个调皮男孩就跑开了。
3.unless.as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
unless,as/so long as可弓I导条件状语从句,前者表示。除非 ,后者表示“只要 。
例句:As/So long as you treat them truly,you can win overtheir respect.
只要你真诚地对待他们,你会赢得他们的尊敬。
4 . so that.in case引导的目的状语从句
so that,in ease可引导目的状语从旬,前者表示“以便”,后者表示“以免 。
例句:Please close all the doors and windows in ease it willrain.
请关上所有门窗,以防天会下雨。
5.while引导的让步状语从句
while可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。
例句:While this problem is very difficult,it is very important.
尽管这道题很难,却很重要。
四、情态动词考点
1.推测性情态动词用法
may(可许,可能),might(可许,可能),must(一定,必定),can(或许,可能)均有推测性用法,其中might可能性最小,must可能性最大。may,might,must常用于肯定句,may,might用于否定句可表示“可能不 ,can常用于否定句和疑问句,用于否定句表示 不可能 。
例句:— — Can the man standing there be OUY physics teacher?
— — No.he can’t be our physics teacher.
— — 站在那边的那个人可能是我们的物理老师吗?
— — 不,不可能。
2.should的用法
should常表示“应该”,但可置于句首用于条件状语从句(省去if),表示。万一 ,还可表示 竟然
例句:Should you see the thiel,try to catch him.如果你见到小偷,尽量捉住他。
3.may,must,earl’t,should (shouldn’t),ought to(oughtn’tto).needn’t的完成式用法mav have done表示“可能已经做了某事 ,must have done表示“一定已经做了某事”,can’t have done表示“不可能已经做了某事”,should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事但实际未做 ,shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done表示 本来不应该做某事但实际已做”,Ileedn’t have done表示“本来没有必要做某事但实际已做”。
例句:Our Chinese teacher isn’t in her offlee,so she may /might/must have gone home.
我们的语文老师不在办公室,所以她可能/-~定回家了。
五、倒装句型考点
1.完全倒装句型考点
地点状语置于句首时需要使用完全倒装句型,将动词直接提前。
例句:At the back of our school stands a high tower.
我们学校后面矗立着一座高塔。
SO(肯定句中表示“也”),neither,IOF(否定旬中表示“也”),80.that. (引导结果状语从句)j only(不修饰主句),no[only.but also. (不连接主语,连接两个分旬时第一个分旬倒装,第二个分句不倒装),not until,Never,hardly,little,hardly.when., SO SO01qe/"than,not a,nowhere,in no ease等词或短语置于句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。
例句:Only then did we realize the harm of pollution.
只有在那时我们才意识到污染的危害。
2.as引导的特殊倒装句型
as引导让步状语从句时可将表语、动词、副词提前,将as紧随其后。如果表语为单数可数名词,提前时应去掉不定冠词。
例句:Weak as she was,she still went on working.
尽管她身体虚弱,仍继续工作。
六、虚拟语气考点
1.与过去事实相反的if虚拟条件状语从句与过去事实相反时,从句动词用had done,主句动词用would,could,should,might have done,当从句动词含有were,had,could,should时可将其提至句首将if省略。
例句:Had I known it at that time,I would have told you.
如果那时我知道这件事一定告诉了你。
2.混合虚拟条件从句
如果if虚拟条件状语主从句时态不一致,应根据各自所体现的时间关系加以适当的调整,采用不同的动词形式。
例句:If she had told me her telephone number yesterday,Icould phone her now.
如果她昨天把她的电话号码告诉了我,我现在就可以给她打电话了。
3.with.without.but for引导的含蓄虚拟条件从句with,without,but for可取代if引导含蓄虚拟条件从句。
例句:With your help,I could have made more achievements.
如果得到你的帮助,我一定会取得更多成就。
4.wish引导的表示过去主观愿望的宾语从句
wish引导宾语从句时如果表示过去的主观愿望,从句动词应用had done或could have done。
例句:I wish I had /could have watched that basketball matchyesterdayafternoon.
我希望我昨天下午看了那场篮球赛。
5.insist,suggest引导的宾语从句
insist,suggest接宾语从若表示建议应用虚拟语气,动词形式为(should)do,但如果insist表示 坚持认为,固执己见 ,suggest表示。表明、暗示 ,所在宾语从句应用陈述语气。
例句:Thedoctor insisted that the patient was seriously ill and(should)be 0Dcrated 0n at once. 医生坚持认为病人病得很严重,建议其立即做手术。
七、不定式考点
1.不定式做目的状语
不定式可做目的状语,如果对其强调可将其提至句首,此时应注意人称一致。
为了及时赶到那里,她将自行车骑得很快。
误:T0 get there in time.her bike waS ridden fast.
正:To get there in time.she rode her bike fast.
2.不定式做结果状语
不定式可做结果状语,强调出乎意料的动作,此时前面可加onlyo
例句:I went to see her to find her absent.
我去看她结果发现她不在家。
3.不定式的复杂形式
不定式除有一般式外,还有否定式not to do,进行式to bedoing、完成式to have done、被动式to be done、完成被动式tohave beendone等复杂形式。
例句;All the employees worked hard not to be fired.
为了不被解雇,所有的员工努力工作。
4.不定式独立主格结构
with+名词+不定式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示未来的动作。
例句:Witha lot of work to do,I can’t help you at present.
因为有许多工作要做,我现在不能帮助你。
八、V—ing形式考点
1.V—ing形式做宾语
excuse. f0r. ,can’t help,suggest,include,insist on,keep on, consider, finish, practice, put off, postpone, delay,miss,avoid,give up,imagine,feel like,enjoy,risk,mind,appreciate,stand,escape等词后面只能接V—ing形式做宾语。remember 得曾做某事),forget(忘了曾做某事),mean(意谓着),try(尝试),regret (后悔),go on (继续做同一件事),stop(停止做某事),need(主语需要被..)等词表示括号内的含义时也应接v—ing形式做宾语。
例句:The hare was lucky enough to have avoided being caught.
这只野兔很幸运,错过了被捉住。
2.V—ing形式做定语
V—ing形式做定语可表示被修饰名词的的用途和性质,也可表示正在进行的动作。
例句:The great noise comes from the building being built now.
这巨大的噪音来自正在被建的楼房。
3.V—ing形式做状语
V—ing形式做状语常表示动作正在进行,此时应注意它的逻辑主语为主句主语。
例句:Holding a book in his hand,he came into the room.
他手里拿着一本书走进了房间。
4. V—ing形式做宾语补足语
V—ing形式做宾语补足语也表示动作正在进行。
例句:WhenI came to the five~ide.I f0und girl struggling inthe water.
来到河边时我看见一个女孩在水中挣扎。
5. V—ing形式独立主格结构
with+名词+V—ing形式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示正在进行的动作。
例句:With the water still rising,the villages couldn’t return totheir village.
因为水位还在上涨,村民们无法回到村里。
6.V—ing形式复杂形式
V—ing形式除有一般式外还有完成式having done,被动式being done,完成被动式having been done,否定式not doing,完成否定式not having done,完成被动式的否定式not havingbeen done。
例句:Havingsaid goodbye to each other, the children wenthome.
彼此说了再见之后,孩子们回家了。
九、过去分词考点猜想
1.过去分词做状语
过去分词做状语常表示被动的动作,也可因来自系表结构而表示主动的动作。
例句:Caught in a heavy rain,the girl was all wet.
因为被浇了一场大雨,这女孩浑身湿透了。
2.过去分词独立主格结构
with+名词+过去分词可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示被动的动作。
例句:With his homework finished, the boy went out to getrelaxed.
因为家庭作业完成了,这个男孩出去放松了一下。